اثرات الگوی کاشت و زمان اولین آبیاری بر رشد و عملکرد زعفران (Crocus sativus L.)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

انجام مطالعات در زمینه به زراعی زعفران (Crocus sativus L.) می تواند نقش مهمی در افزایش عملکرد در واحد سطح این محصول مهم و بومی ایران داشته باشد. در این راستا آزمایشی طی سال های زراعی 89-1384 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل بر مبنای طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. فاکتورهای مورد مطالعه عبارت بودند از : الگوی کاشت زعفران (فواصل کاشت 5×20، 10×20، 15×20 و 20×20 سانتیمتر) (در تمام الگوهای کاشت، فاصله بین ردیف ها 20 سانتیمتر بود) و مدیریت آبیاری (انجام اولین آبیاری در ابتدای شهریور ماه، ابتدای مهر ماه و ابتدای آبان ماه). در این آزمایش صفات عملکرد گل تر، عملکرد کلاله خشک، عملکرد تر و خشک علوفه، تعداد بنه مادری، تعداد بنه خواهری، تعداد بنه خواهری به ازای هر بنه مادری، وزن کل بنه ها بدون فلس، وزن کل فلس ها، نسبت وزن بنه های بدون فلس به وزن فلس، وزن کل بنه ها، متوسط وزن هر بنه، متوسط قطر هر بنه، متوسط تعداد جوانه در هر بنه، تعداد کل جوانه ها، درصد
بنه های دارای ریشه نابجا، وزن خشک برگ و سطح برگ مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که تنها فاکتور الگوی کاشت بر صفات مورد مطالعه اثر گذار بود و اثر زمان آبیاری و نیز اثرات متقابل روش کاشت در زمان آبیاری معنی دار نبود. نتایج مقایسه میانگین ها نشان داد که الگوی کاشت10×20 سانتیمتر از نظر صفات مورد مطالعه دارای برتری نسبی بود، طوری که در این تیمار بیشترین عملکرد گل تر (170 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، عملکرد کلاله خشک (12 کیلوگرم درهکتار)، وزن متوسط بنه (9/2 گرم) و قطر متوسط بنه (5/1 سانتیمتر) مشاهده شد. بیشترین عملکرد علوفه تر و خشک (3916 و 1276 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در الگوی کاشت 5×20 سانتیمتر به دست آمد و پس از آن روش کاشت10×20 سانتیمتر قرار داشت. همچنین بیشترین توزیع فراوانی بنه ها در وزن کمتر از سه گرم و قطر کمتر از دو سانتیمتر قرار داشت. به طور کلی نتایج این آزمایش نشان دهنده بهبود فاکتورهای رشد و عملکرد زعفران در الگوی کاشت 10×20 سانتیمتر بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of planting pattern and the first irrigation date on growth and yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Asghar Mohammad Abadi
  • Parviz Rezvani Moghaddam
  • Jabbar Fallahi
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Studies on crop improvement of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) can play an important role in development of this native crop. In this context, an experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, as a factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications, during 2005-2010 years. First studied factor was planting pattern of saffron (planting distances of 20×5, 20×10, 20×15 and 20×20 cm) and the second one was irrigation management (first irrigation performed at the beginning of September, the beginning of October and early November). During these experiments these criteria were studied: fresh flowers yield, stigma dry yield, fresh and dry forage yield, number of mother corm, number of replacement corm, replacement number of corm per mother corm, the total weight of corms without scales, the total weight of scales, weight ratio of corm scales-less to scales, the total weight of corms, the average weight of corms, average diameter of corms, average number of buds per corm, the total number of buds, the percentage of corm with abnormal root, leaf dry weight and leaf area. The results showed that, only the planting pattern was affected the studied indexes and the influence of irrigation time and interaction effects between planting pattern and irrigation was not significant. The results of mean comparison showed that the pattern 10*20 cm was comparatively advantage in respect to the studied characteristics. As in this treatment more fresh flower yield (170 kg.ha-1), dry stigma yield (12 kg.ha-1), average weight of corms (9.2 g) and average corm diameter (1.5 cm) was observed. The highest yield of fresh and dry forage (3916 and 1276 kg.ha-1, respectively) was obtained in the pattern 5x20 cm, and then was located 10×20 cm. Moreover, the highest frequency of corm was stand in weight of less than three grams and less than two centimeters in diameter.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cash crop
  • Flower
  • Forage
  • Stigma
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