نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
Introduction
Basil is an herbaceous, annual, and aromatic plant with a stem branching from the base and a height of 15 to 45 cm. The root of basil is straight and conical (Shirzadi et al., 2014). Chemical fertilizers cause many problems so biofertilizers are recommended as an alternative. In a study, the characteristics of the savory plant were evaluated under vermicompost and mycorrhizal fungi treatments. The results indicated that among the vermicompost levels, the application of 5 tons per hectare yielded the highest essential oil content (1.25%). Furthermore, regarding the mycorrhizal fungi levels, the highest essential oil content (1.28%) was achieved through the combination of Glomus intraradices and G. mosseae. The application of G. intraradices and G. mosseae resulted in an increase in essential oil content compared to the control (Shahriari, 2023). Mir Arab et al. (2016) reported in an experiment that the highest values of measured traits, percentage and yield of basil essential oil, were obtained under the influence of 40% vermicompost treatment and the lowest values were obtained in the control treatment. Considering the problems caused by excessive use of chemical fertilizers, the use of biological fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers plays an important role in the fertility and preservation of soil biological activities, increasing the quality of agricultural products and the health of the ecosystem. The purpose of this research is the possibility of replacing biological fertilizers for the purple basil plant in order to reduce the consumption of chemical fertilizers and move towards sustainable agriculture in order to maintain the health of human society and reduce environmental pollution caused by the use of chemical fertilizers.
Materials and methods
This research was conducted using a factorial experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design, with three replications in the research farm of Razi University in 2022. The first factor included strains of mycorrhizal fungi in three levels, which are: no use (control), use of Glomus mosseae strain and use of Glomus intraradices strain. The second factor included vermicompost at three levels, which are no use (control), use of 4 tons per hectare, and use of 8 tons per hectare. Fresh and dry yield was measured in one square meter. After measuring the fresh weight, the samples were placed in an oven and after 48 hours, their dry weight was measured. Ten plants were randomly selected after 50% flowering and after drying the organs in the open air and shade, the samples were transferred to the laboratory and essential oil extraction was performed using a Clevenger apparatus. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS software. Comparison of data means was examined based on Duncan's test and at a probability level of 5%.
Results and discussion
The mean comparison showed that the highest plant height, total fresh weight, total dry weight, stem diameter and number of leaves in the basil plant were obtained in the treatment of Glomus mosseae fungi and 8 tons per hectare of vermicompost, and the lowest values of these indicators were obtained in the control treatment (Not using mycorrhizal fungi and vermicompost). The highest percentage of essential oil was obtained from the use of mycorrhizal fungi and the consumption of 8 tons per hectare of vermicompost.
Conclusion
It can be said that the use of Glomus mosseae fungi and 8 tons per hectare of vermicompost was the best treatment and this treatment is recommended for purple basil under similar experimental conditions. Suggestions for future work included: 1- Investigate the effect of other biological fertilizers, such as growth-promoting bacteria, on the quantitative and qualitative traits of basil. 2- Investigate the effect of vermicompost on the qualitative traits of soil, such as organic matter.
کلیدواژهها English
