اثر سطوح مختلف آب آبیاری بر تنوع گونه ای علف های هرز در مزرعه ذرت (Zea mays L.)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• علی قنبری ¹
• زهره قویدل ¹
• رضا قربانی ²
• قدریه محمودی ¹

¹ دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

² گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

10.22067/jag.v5i4.33007

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف آب آبیاری بر تنوع، تراکم و ترکیب گونه ای علف های هرز در مزرعه ذرت (Zea mays L.) آزمایشی با چهار تیمار با سطوح مختلف آب آبیاری (6130، 7290، 8800 و 12330 مترمکعب) در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال 88-1387 اجرا شد. نمونه برداری از جمعیت علف های هرز در چهار مرحله (اوائل، اواسط و اواخر دوره بحرانی و زمان برداشت) به روش پیمایشی با الگوی سیستماتیک انجام شد. سپس کلیه گونه ها نمونه ها به تفکیک، شمارش و ثبت گردید. نتایج این بررسی نشان داد که اثر سطوح مختلف آب آبیاری بر تنوع گونه های مختلف معنی دار بود. در اوائل دوره بحرانی بیشترین تنوع در شاخص های مختلف مربوط به تیمار های آبی با حجم 8800 و 7290 متر مکعب و کمترین آن مربوط به تیمارهای آبی با حجم 12330 و 6130 متر مکعب بود. در زمان برداشت بیشترین تنوع در شاخص های مختلف مربوط به تیمارهای آبی با حجم 12330 و 6130 و 8800 متر مکعب و کمترین میزان تنوع در شاخص های مختلف مربوط به تیمارهای آبی با حجم 7290 و 8800 و 6130 متر مکعب بود. میزان ثبات پایداری گونه های موجود در مزرعه تحت شرایط مختلف آبیاری دچار تغییر شد؛ به طوری که بیشترین پایداری در کمترین میزان آبیاری بود و بیشترین تعداد گونه های ناپایدار در بیشترین میزان آب آبیاری مشاهده شد، اما غالبیت گونه ای چنین تأثیرپذیری در مقابل تغییرات آب آبیاری نشان نداد. به طور کلی، پاسخ گونه ها به تغییرات سطوح مختلف آبیاری متفاوت بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• شاخص سیمپسون
• شاخص شانون
• شاخص منهینیک
• غالبیت

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عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating of irrigation levels on weed diversity on corn (Zea mays L.) field

نویسندگان [English]

• Ali Ghanbari ¹
• Zohreh Ghavidel ¹
• Reza Ghorbani ²
• Ghadrieh Mahmoudi ¹

¹ Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

² Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

چکیده [English]

In order to study the different levels of irrigation on diversity, density and compound of weed species in corn field, experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad during growing season of 2008-2009. The experiment was with four levels of irrigation (6130, 7290, 8800 and 12330 m3) and four levels of weed control (complete control, broad-leaves control, grasses control and without control). Weed sampling was done at four stages including first, meddle and end of critical period weed control and harvest then all species counted species separate. The results showed that in different levels of irrigation the weed species were different. At the first time of critical period, the most diversity was in 8800 and 7290 m3 and the minimum diversity was in 12330 and 6130 m3 irrigation levels. At the harvest time, the most diversity was in 12330 and 6130 and 8800 m3 irrigation levels and least diversity within different indexes were in 7290, 8800 and 6130 m3 irrigation levels, respectively. Stability index changed at different levels of irrigation. In addition, maximum when the irrigation level was in minimum level, however, highest level of irrigation caused the maximum unstability of species but levels of irrigation had no significant on dominance index.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Minhinik index
• Simpson index
• Shanon Index
• Stability

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