بررسی اثر مقادیر مختلف کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و کارایی مصرف نیتروژن دو رقم کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) در استان خوزستان

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس سازمان آب و برق خوزستان، ایران.

2 استادیار پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی ایران، ایران.

3 دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.

چکیده

یکی از راه­های استفاده و بهره­برداری از آب و اراضی شور استفاده از گیاهان متحمل به شوری مانند کینوا است .مدیریت عناصر غذایی مانند نیتروژن در خاک­های شور می­تواند اثرات منفی شوری بر رشد و عملکرد گیاهان را کاهش دهد. به‌منظور بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف نیتروژن بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد، پروتئین دانه و کارایی مصرف نیتروژن دو رقم کینوا  (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)در شرایط آبیاری با زه‌آب مزارع نیشکر، آزمایش مزرعه­ای در سال زراعی 98- 1397در شرکت کشت و صنعت نیشکر میرزا کوچک خان در جنوب غرب خوزستان به‌صورت کرت­های خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. چهار سطح کود نیتروژن شامل صفر (شاهد)، 75، 150 و 225 کیلوگرم در هکتار از منبع کود اوره به‌عنوان فاکتورکرت اصلی و دو رقم کینوا شامل تیتی­کاکا و گیزاوان به‌عنوان فاکتورکرت فرعی در نظر گرفته شد. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل:ارتفاع گیاه، قطر ساقه، تعداد گل‌آذین، وزن هزار دانه، شاخص سطح برگ، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، شاخص برداشت، کارایی مصرف نیتروژن و محتوی پروتئین دانه بود. نتایج نشان داد که برهم‌کنش نیتروژن و رقم بر شاخص سطح برگ، تعداد گل‌آذین در بوته، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و پروتئین دانه معنی­دار بود. بیشترین ارتفاع گیاه، قطر ساقه و شاخص سطح برگ در نتیجه کاربرد تیمار 225 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار حاصل شد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه در رقم گیزاوان (2363 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در سطح 150 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار به‌دست آمد و پس از آن کاهش یافت، امّا در رقم تیتی‌کاکا بیشترین عملکرد دانه (2372 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در سطح 225 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار به‌دست آمد و واکنش آن تا بالاترین سطح کود نیتروژن به‌صورت خطی بود. بیشترین مقدار پروتئین دانه در رقم گیزاوان با کاربرد 150 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار حاصل شد که 138 درصد بیشتر از شاهد بود. بر اساس نتایج به‌دست آمده، رقم گیزاوان کینوا می­تواند انتخاب بسیار مناسبی برای زمین­های شور و کم بازده در جنوب استان خوزستان باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of the Effect of Different Amounts of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield, Yield Components and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Two Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Cultivars in Southern Khuzestan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • payvand papan 1
  • Ali Mokhtaran 2
  • Sajad Ansaryardaly 3
1 Expert of Khuzestan Water and Electricity Organization, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor of Agricultural Technical and Engineering Research, Khuzestan Agricultural Research and Training Center and Natural Resources, Agricultural Education and Extension Research Organization of Iran, Iran.
3 Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction
Salinity is one of the most important environmental stresses that affect crop production. In all areas where irrigation is essential for crop production, soil salinity is inevitable . This phenomenon has gradually become a major problem in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran. Among the strategies to deal with abiotic stresses are the development of salinity tolerant cultivars, crop rotation, genetic modification, use of appropriate organic and chemical fertilizers.
Quinoa is a promising species of halophyte that has the potential to become a crop. Quinoa, scientifically known as Chenopodium quinoa willd, is a dicotyledonous plant belonging to the Chenopodiaceae family of spinach and is often self-pollinating. Salinity stress has great effects on plant growth, seed quality and grain yield even in saline plants such as quinoa. Due to plant growth salinity, total grain yield, number of seeds, fresh and dry weight of seeds are reduced. Nitrogen is one of the essential nutrients for plant growth. Nitrogen fertilizers play an essential role in increasing yield as well as improving grain quality. Quinoa needs a lot of soil nitrogen and the use of nitrogen fertilizer is very important for crop growth during the vegetative growth period of quinoa.
Quinoa cultivation, especially by using drainage in the southern regions of Iran as a salinity-resistant crop, will lead to diversification of crops, sustainable production, and increase farmers' incomes and food security. Considering that agriculture and supply of nitrogen required by the plant is very important in order to increase crop production with optimal yield, the amount of fertilizer used and also the appropriate cultivar need to be investigated and a step to determine the best cultivar and the best level of nitrogen fertilizer and its effect on yield, yield components, grain protein concentration and efficiency of nitrogen application under irrigation conditions of sugarcane fields in the south of Khuzestan province.
 
Materials and Methods
This research was carried out in field conditions in the 97th crop year in Mirza Kuchak Khan Sugarcane Cultivation and Industry Company in the form of split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Factors include urea fertilizer at four levels: 0 (control), 75, 150, 225 kg / ha) as the main factor and two quinoa cultivars (Titi Kaka: V1 and Gizavan: V2) as the secondary factor in Was considered.
 
Results and Discussion
The results showed that the interaction of nitrogen and cultivar on leaf area index, number of inflorescences per plant, grain yield, biological yield and grain protein were significant. The highest plant height, stem diameter and leaf area index belonged to 225 kg N / ha. The highest grain yield in Gizavan cultivar (2363 kg / ha) was obtained at the level of 150 kg N / ha and then decreased, but in Titi Kaka cultivar the highest grain yield (2372 kg / ha) was obtained at the level of 225 kg N / ha. Obtained and the reaction was linearly reduced to the highest level of nitrogen fertilizer. The highest amount of grain protein was observed in Gizavan cultivar with application of 150 kg N / ha, which was 138% higher than the control treatment. Based on the obtained results, Gizavan Quinoa cultivar can be a very suitable choice for saline and low-yield fields in the south of Khuzestan province.
Conclusion
According to the results of the study, increasing the application of nitrogen fertilizer increased the yield and yield components and grain nitrogen. Application of 150 kg nitrogen per hectare in Gizavan cultivar with an average yield of 2.36 tons per hectare in the climate of southern Khuzestan province along with the application of drainage from sugarcane cultivation produced the highest grain yield. Quinoa due to its high genetic diversity and adaptation to different climates, high nutritional value and high efficiency of resource use, can be a suitable plant for the use of unconventional soil and water resources in the south of Khuzestan province. It is recommended that future tests be performed on quinoa at different locations with different cropping methods and other fertilizer levels to ensure that the results are relatively consistent over time.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • leaf area index
  • Gizavan
  • grain protein
  • Titi Kaka
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