اثر تنش خشکی و اسید‌هیومیک بر صفات مورفولوژیک، عملکرد و میزان آنتوسیانین چای‌ترش (Hibiscus sabdarifa L.)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

2 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

3 گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

چکیده

به منظور مطالعه اثر تنش خشکی و اسید‌هیومیک بر صفات مورفولوژیک، عملکرد و میزان آنتوسیانین چای‌ترش (Hibiscus sabdarifa L.)، آزمایشی در مرکز آموزش کشاورزی جیرفت در سال 1392 به صورت طرح کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای مورد بررسی شامل تنش خشکی در سه سطح به صورت آبیاری پس از 50، 100 و 150 میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر کلاس آ به عنوان عامل اصلی و مصرف اسید‌هیومیک به صورت شاهد (عدم مصرف)، یک‌بار مصرف همراه با آبیاری، یک‌بار مصرف همراه با آبیاری و یک‌بار محلول-پاشی، یک‌بار مصرف همراه با آبیاری و دو بار محلول‌پاشی به عنوان عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. اسید‌هیومیک جهت آبیاری و محلول‌پاشی به ترتیب با غلظت 10 کیلوگرم در هکتار و 250 سی‌سی در 100 لیتر آب استفاده شد. تنش خشکی و اسید‌هیومیک اثر معنی‌داری بر پارامترهای رشدی، عملکرد رویشی و زایشی (کاسبرگ) و میزان آنتوسیانین داشت. با افزایش تنش خشکی ارتفاع بوته، طول گل‌آذین، تعداد شاخه فرعی، قطر ساقه، وزن تر و خشک بوته، وزن تر و خشک کاسبرگ کاهش نشان داد و میزان آنتوسیانین افزایش یافت. همچنین بیشترین میزان صفات مذکور از سطح چهارم اسید‌هیومیک حاصل شد. اثر متقابل تنش خشکی و اسید‌هیومیک بر تعداد شاخه فرعی، وزن تر و خشک بوته در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین میزان این صفات مربوط به تیمار سطح اول تنش و سطح چهارم اسید‌هیومیک بود. به طور کلی، اسید‌هیومیک موجب تعدیل اثرات مضر تنش خشکی در گیاه دارویی چای‌ترش شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effects of Drought Stress and Humic Acid on Morphological Traits, Yield and Anthocyanin of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mojgan Sanjari Mijani 1
  • Alireza Sirous Mehr 2
  • Baratali Fakheri 3
1 Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran
2 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran
3 Department of Plant Breedingand Biotechnology , Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction
Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) as a medicinal plant belongs to the Malvacea family. Their active ingredient increases under water stress. Humic acid bacteria derived from humus and other natural resources have hormonal effects and can improve nutrient absorption to enhance performance especially under stress conditions .
Materials and methods
This experiment was conducted in the research of agricultural education centre Jiroft in 2013. Field experiment was carried out as split plot design with three replications. Water deficit stress set as main factor with three levels (A1= Irrigation after 50, A2= 100 and A3= 150 mm evaporation from pan class A) and humic acid was in four manners (B1= non humic acid, B2= once with Irrigation, B3= once with Irrigation + Once spraying, B4= once with Irrigation + twice Spraying). Humic acid was used to form Irrigation spray in order to arrange with compactness (10 kg.ha-1), (250 ml/100L). In late September, which coincides with the end of the heading, plant height, inflorescence length, number of branches, stem diameter, fresh and dry weight of plant, fresh and dry weight of sepals, were examined. Wagner method was used to measure anthocyanin content sepals (Wagner, 1979). Finally, data was analyzed using SAS 9.1 and means were compared by Duncan’s multiple range test at 5% level of probability.
Results and discussion
The analysis of variance showed that drought stress and humic acid had significant effect on growth parameters, vegetative and generative yield and anthocyanin. Drought stress decreased plant height, inflorescence length, stem diameterand fresh and dry weight sepals. The highest values of these traits was obtained in the first level of stress (50 mm evaporation from pan class A). Due to the reduction in mentioned properties, reducing the pressure tolerance and the subsequent reduction in drought conditions was considered as division and cell enlargement. The reduction in growth parameters by drought stress can be due to disorder in photosynthesis and reduction in photosynthetic. The impact of drought on each of growth parameters could finally lead to a change in the performance of the roselle calyx production.
Drought stress increased anthocyanin content. The highest phenolic compounds anthocyanins (0.49 μmol.g1) was obtained in three level stress (150 mm evaporation from pan class A). Antioxidant flavonoids had protective effect during drought stress and due to the role of anthocyanin in protection from sun during oxidative stress, ROS was directly removed. The results showed a significant interaction between stress and humic acid on number of branches, fresh and dry weight of plants. The highest value of these traits treatment was observed in first level stress (irrigation after 50 mm evaporation from pan class A) and in four level of humic acid (once with irrigation + twice spraying). Plant height, inflorescence length, stem diameter, fresh and dry weight of sepals and anthocyanin were significantly affected by humic acid. The highest value of these traits was obtained in four humic acid (once with irrigation + twice spraying). Humic acid can reduce the effects of drought, increase absorption of water and nutrient and the growth of plants by physiological changes in plant and by improving the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soil, in order to improve growth parameters, vegetative and generative yield and anthocyanin in the experiment.
Conclusion
Sufficient moisture in the soil and high genetic potential for optimum usage of the potential environment are essential for plants. The amount of humic acid due to its role in improving the nutritional conditions of the plant can play an important role in offseting the harmful effects of drought stress on the plant

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bio-fertilizer
  • Calyx yield
  • Drought stress
  • Medicinal plant
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