ارزیابی عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و شاخص‌های سودمندی اسفرزه (Plantago ovata Forsk.) و بادام زمینی (Arachis hypogaea L.) در سیستم کشت مخلوط افزایشی

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه فناوری کشاورزی، دانشگاه ملی مهارت، تهران، ایران

2 گروه باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه جیرفت، جیرفت، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر کشت مخلوط افزایشی اسفرزه (Plantago ovata Forsk.) و بادام زمینی (Arachis hypogaea L.) بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد و شاخص‌های سودمندی، پژوهشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با هشت تیمار و سه تکرار در سال زراعی 95-1394 در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشگاه جیرفت اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل کشت خالص بادام زمینی و اسفرزه و نسبت­های افزایشی 20، 30، 40، 50، 75 و 100 درصد اسفرزه به 100 درصد بادام زمینی بودند. تراکم بادام زمینی و اسفرزه در کشت خالص به‌ترتیب 25 و 50 بوته در مترمربع در نظر گرفته شد. در کشت مخلوط تراکم بادام زمینی به‌صورت ثابت و معادل 250 بوته در مترمربع و اسفرزه براساس تیمارهای آزمایش به‌صورت افزایشی بین ردیف­های بادام زمینی اضافه گردید. صفات و شاخص­های مورد بررسی عبارت بودند از عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد اسفرزه، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد بادام زمینی و شاخص­های سودمندی کشت مخلوط. نتایج نشان داد که صفات تعداد شاخه فرعی، تعداد پایک، وزن نیام­ها، تعداد نیام نرمال و غیرنرمال، زیست‌توده، وزن خشک دانه در بوته و عملکرد دانه (مغز تازه) بادام زمینی در واحد سطح به‌طور معنی­داری تحت تأثیر نسبت‌های افزایشی اسفرزه قرار گرفتند (01/0 p≤). اثر این نسبت­های کشت بر درصد پوکی و درصد پوسته معنی­دار نبود. افزایش نسبت تراکم اسفرزه در کشت مخلوط با بادام زمینی، صفات تعداد شاخه فرعی، تعداد نیام نرمال، وزن نیام‌‌ها، ماده خشک دانه در بوته، عملکرد مغز تازه (وزن خشک نیام‌ها) در واحد سطح و عملکرد زیست‌توده را به‌صورت خطی و معنی‌دار کاهش داد. میزان عملکرد دانه در کشت مخلوط 20، 30، 40، 50، 75 و 100 درصد اسفرزه + 100 درصد بادام زمینی نسبت به کشت خالص 5/2، 5/16، 9/22، 5/30، 6/40 و 9/47 درصد کاهش یافت. افزایش تراکم اسفرزه در کشت مخلوط باعث کاهش معنی­دار (01/0p≤ ) اجزای عملکرد و تعداد دانه در سنبله و افزایش معنی­دار (01/0p≤) زیست‌توده و عملکرد دانه آن در واحد سطح شد، ولی بر وزن هزار دانه اسفرزه تأثیری نداشت. بالاترین میزان عملکرد اسفرزه (07/69 گرم در مترمربع) در کشت خالص که با 100 درصد اسفرزه + 100 درصد بادام زمینی (63/67 گرم در مترمربع) تفاوت معنی‌داری نداشت و کمترین آن (33/55 گرم در مترمربع) در کشت مخلوط 20 درصد اسفرزه به 100 درصد بادام زمینی به دست آمد. بیشترین میزان شاخص بهره‌وری سیستم (13/72 (SPI= و سودمندی کشت مخلوط (51/5IA=) از ترکیب 20 درصد اسفرزه + 100 درصد بادام زمینی به دست آمد. بنابراین با توجه به عدم توان رقابتی بادام زمینی در تراکم‌های بالاتر اسفرزه، نسبت کاشت 20 درصد اسفرزه + 100 درصد بادام زمینی باعث بهبود عملکرد، اجزاء عملکرد و شاخص‌های مختلف سودمندی کشت مخلوط اسفرزه و بادام زمینی نسبت به کشت خالص گردید و بنابراین این تیمار در شرایط گرمسیری و نیمه‌گرمسیری جیرفت توصیه می‌شود که البته این موضوع نیازمند مطالعات تکمیلی می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Yield, Yield Components and Advantage Indices of Isabgol (Plantago ovata Forsk) and Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Additive Series Intercropping

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehrangiz Jowkar Tang-Krami 1
  • Javad Taei-Semiromi 1
  • Nadia Bahremand 2
1 Department of Agrotechnology, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Horticulture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction[1]
Intercropping is the cultivation of two or more crops in the same area at the same time, used as a practical approach to enhance the sustainability of agroecosystems. This cropping system is applied to increase resource productivity and decrease production risk. In an intercropping system, plants of the leguminous family, due to some specific characteristics as high protein contents and biological nitrogen fixation, are used as an important component of intercropping. This study was performed in order to investigate the yield and yield components of isabgol (Plantago ovata Forsk) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea) under intercropping system conditions and to evaluate indices of land equivalent ratio, productivity and intercropping advantage.
 
Materials and Methods 
This study was conducted at Jiroft University to evaluate the benefits of intercropping peanut and plantain in the subtropical climate of southern Kerman province. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with eight treatments and three replications in the 2015-2016 crop year. The experimental treatments were: 1- single peanut crop, 2- single plantain crop, 3- 20% plantain + 100% peanut, 4- 30% plantain + 100% peanut, 5- 40% plantain + 100% peanut, 6- 50% plantain + 100% peanut, 7- 75% plantain + 100% peanut, 8- 100% plantain + 100% peanut. Before planting the test plants, the physical and chemical properties of the soil were evaluated. Peanut density was kept constant at 25 plants per square meter, and psyllium density was added incrementally between peanut rows based on experimental treatments. The traits and indices studied were psyllium yield and yield components, peanut yield and yield components, and intercropping utility indices. The data variance analysis was carried out using SAS 9.4 software and mean comparison using Duncan test in significant level 5% and to evaluate the linear relationships between the studied quantitative variables, the Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated using standard statistical procedures.
 
 Results and Discussion
Results showed that the number of shoot branches , pod weight, normal pods, biomass, seed dry weight per plant and grain yield were significantly (p<0.01) affected by the additive ratios of isabgol. The effect of these treatments on hollow pods and pod scurf was not significant. Increasing isabgol density ratio at intercropping caused a linear decrease (R2>90) in the number of shoots, pod weight, normal pods, biomass, and seed dry weight per plant. It is considerable that observed differences in these variables between peanut sole cropping and its intercropping with 20% and 30% isabgol addition treatments were not significant. Analyses of isabgol yield and its components indicated that, increase in isabgol density caused a significant (p<0.01) decrease in seed per spicule of isabgol and spicule per plant, but had no significant effect on 1000 seed weight of isabgol, whereas additive treatments of isabgol caused an increase in seed yield and biomass of isabgol per surface unit. The highest yield of Isabgol (69.07 g.m-²) was obtained under sole cropping, which showed no significant difference compared to the intercropping of 100% I + 100% P (67.63 g.m-²). The lowest yield (55.33 g.m-²) was recorded in the intercropping system of 20% I with 100% P.  The highest productivity index (SPI=72.13) and intercropping advantage (IA=5.51) were obtained from the 100% peanut + 20% psyllium treatments.
 
Conclusion
 Overall, considering the limited competitive ability of peanut at higher planting densities of isabgol, the cropping ratio of 20% psyllium + 100% peanut led to improvements in yield, yield components, and various indices of mixed cropping efficiency compared to sole cropping. Consequently, this treatment is recommended for tropical and subtropical conditions such as those found in Jiroft." Of course, this issue requires further studies.
 
Acknowledgements
This article is an extract from the final report of the research project 8-95-2828 approved by the Vice Chancellor for Research of Jiroft University. Therefore, thanks and appreciation are extended to Jiroft University for providing the costs of this project.






 



 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Benefit
  • Biomass
  • Low input cropping systems
  • Land use efficiency
  • System productivity index

Authors retain the copyright.This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 25 خرداد 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 16 شهریور 1404
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