نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 بخش تحقیقات چغندرقند، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان همدان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، همدان، ایران
2 مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران
3 بخش تحقیقات چغندرقند، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Introduction
Sugar beet is the main source of sugar production in Iran, accounting for approximately 60% of the country's sugar production comes. The rest comes from sugar cane (Ribeiro et al., 2016). Hamedan province, with a cultivated area of about 7 percent of the total cultivated area of the country, is one of the most important provinces in terms of sugar beet cultivation and sugar production. Nahavand and Asadabad regions also have the largest cultivated area of sugar beet in Hamedan Province and are considered the most important sugar beet cultivation areas in the province. Seed is a crucial agricultural input. It provides farmers with significant added value by improving the efficiency of other inputs, such as water, fertilizer, pesticides, and machinery. Maximizing yield is impossible without using the right seeds, even with significant energy investment (Sadeghzadeh Hemayati et al., 2024). The primary aim of conducting variety comparison experiments is to select and introduce suitable varieties to farmers in each region, this study was conducted to compare sugar beet varieties and introduce the best variety in the Nahavand and Asadabad regions of Hamedan province.
Materials and Methods
To evaluate the root yield and quality characteristics of some breeding commercial sugar beet varieties in Hamedan province, an experiment was conducted in two regions: Asadabad-Vanderabad Village and Nahavand-Gyan Village, in 2023, under farm conditions. The study included five Iranian commercial cultivars—Sina, Nika, Shokofa, Asia, and Dena—as well as a foreign cultivar, Urslina, which served as the control. Planting took place in Nahavand on March 10, 2022, and in Asadabad on April 15, 2023. A total of 30 planting lines, each measuring 300 meters in length and spaced 50 centimeters apart, were allocated for each cultivar. Each cultivar was planted in an area of 4,500 square meters. The farmer carried out all land preparation and farm management operations in accordance with local customs. At the end of the growing season, four samples (as four replicates) of each variety were randomly harvested and weighed, and root yield was obtained. The harvested roots were washed, pulped, and sent to the Sugar Technology Laboratory at the Sugar Beet Seed Institute for quality characteristic measurement. Cluster analysis and factor analysis were performed using R v.4.2.2 software.
Results and Discussion
Because of the significant interaction effect between cultivar and environment, which indicated independent responses of cultivars in the two different locations, all data analyses were performed separately for each site. In Nahavand, the highest sugar content and white sugar content were observed with 18.24 and 15.87 percent, respectively, and the highest sugar yield and white sugar yield were observed with 19.29 and 16.79 ton.ha-1, respectively, in the foreign cultivar Urslina. Among the Iranian cultivars, the two cultivars Dena and Asia had the highest yield. In Asadabad, results showed that the foreign cultivar Urslina had the highest values among the studied cultivars in terms of sugar content (18.29%), sugar yield (19.80 ton.ha-1), white sugar content (16.17%), white sugar yield (17.51 ton.ha-1), and sugar extraction coefficient (88.4%). Cluster analysis results indicated that the cultivars were grouped into three clusters in Nahavand and four clusters in Asadabad. Based on the results of the cluster analysis conducted in the Nahavand environment, two clusters were introduced as superior clusters. The first cluster included the Urslina variety, while the second cluster comprised the Dena, Asia, and Shokofa varieties. In the Asadabad environment, the first cluster also included the Urslina variety, and the fourth cluster contained the Nika variety, both of which were recognized as superior clusters. Factor analysis identified two significant factors, explaining 95.57% of the variation in Nahavand and 95.94% in Asadabad.
Conclusion
Overall, the Urslina cultivar emerged as the superior cultivar in both environments. Among the Iranian cultivars, the Dena and Asia cultivars were recommended for the Nahavand environment, while the Nika cultivar was suggested for the Asadabad environment due to their better quantitative and qualitative characteristics.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Authors retain the copyright.This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
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