نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
2 دانشگاه کرونل، دانشگاه کالیفرنیا، برکلی
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Introduction
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is recognized as one of the earliest cultivated crops, providing essential nutrients for human growth and health. One of the major challenges today is the severe limitation of arable land available for rice production. This issue is particularly critical in countries with arid and semi-arid climates and limited water resources, such as Iran, where rice cultivation requires substantial amounts of water. Ecological intensification is an approach that optimally utilizes natural resources to enhance productivity while minimizing negative environmental impacts. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of various cultivation systems on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of rice (Tarom Hashemi cultivar).
Materials and Methods
This study was conducted through two separate experiments based on a randomized complete block design with four replications, under nursery and field conditions in the city of Babol, Iran, during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons. The experimental treatments included three cultivation systems: the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), an intermediate system, and a traditional system. In the nursery, seed densities for the ecological intensification, intermediate, and traditional systems were set at 100, 200, and 300 g.m-², respectively. In field conditions, treatments included transplanting ages of seedlings (20, 30, and 40 days), planting densities (25, 30 and 20 plants.m-2), irrigation regimes (water deficit as alternative water, saturated irrigation at the soil level, and permanent waterlogging in 10 cm above the soil), and the number of seedlings (1, 4, and 8 seedlings per hill). The traits under investigation included seedling length, stem diameter, and root diameter at the time of transplanting from the nursery to the field. Evaluated quantitative traits included growth characteristics (panicle length), yield components (percentage of unfertile grains and number of productive tillers), biological yield, paddy yield, harvest index, and quality traits (amylose content and gel consistency temperature).
Results and Discussion
The results from the nursery experiment indicated that the main effect of planting systems on stem length, stem diameter, and root diameter of seedlings was significant. Except for root length, the interaction between year and planting systems was not significant for the other traits in the nursery. In the ecological intensification system, stem diameter, stem length, and root diameter measured 24.5 cm, 4.1 mm, and 0.52 cm, respectively. In both years, the longest root length observed was 13 cm in the ecological intensification system. In contrast, the lowest values for these traits were recorded in the traditional system. The examination of quantitative traits of rice in field conditions revealed significant interaction effects between year and planting systems on the number of fertile tillers. The highest number of fertile tillers was recorded for SRI. The effect of planting systems was significant on both biological yield and paddy yield. The maximum biological yield (2.9 kg/ha) and paddy yield (0.83 kg/ha) were associated with SRI. The highest amylose content and gel consistency temperature were found in the ecological intensification system (with 22.7% and 3.7, respectively), while the traditional system exhibited the lowest values (with 21.5% and 3.0, respectively). Correlation coefficients between paddy yield with panicle length (r = 0.98**), number of fertile tillers (r = 0.99**), and biological yield (r = 0.97**) were all positive and statistically significant at the 1% probability level.
Conclusion
Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that the ecological intensification system outperformed the other management systems and can be considered an effective approach in ecological management. This contributes to sustainable production, food security, and improvements in environmental characteristics.
کلیدواژهها [English]
Authors retain the copyright.This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
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