نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی،دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی،دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
2 گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
3 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی. اردبیل. ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Introduction
Safflower, scientifically known as Carthamus tinctorius L., is an annual plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. Today, with the development of high-yield varieties that produce significant quantities of quality oil, this plant is recognized as one of the important oilseed crops globally. Considering that safflower has good resistance to salinity and can also be cultivated in rain-fed conditions, it is regarded as a drought-resistant plant. This characteristic adds to its value significantly. Also Humic acid, as an organic compound, causes minimal harm to the environment. Additionally, through its hormone-like activity, it has many positive effects on various traits, including performance characteristics. The presence of micronutrients, especially Fe, enhances the plant's resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses.
Materials and Methods
This study was conducted at the Ardabil agricultural Research Center to evaluate the effect of two types of fertilizers (iron fertilizer and humic acid) on the yield and phenological traits of two safflower cultivars.This experiment was conducted as a split-plot design based on a completely randomized block design with three replications. The main factor included two safflower varieties named "Chini" and "Goldasht," while the sub-factor consisted of nine fertilizer levels. These fertilizer levels included one control level, two levels of 95% humic acid (two milligrams per liter and four milligrams per liter), two levels of 12% EDTA chelated iron (one milligram per liter and two milligrams per liter), and four combined levels of iron and humic acid fertilizers.
Results and Discussion
The results obtained showed a significant difference in performance traits between the two varieties, Chini and Goldasht. According to observations, the Goldasht variety recorded a significantly higher seed yield of 1462.5 kg per hectare compared to the Chini variety, which had a yield of 1403.3 kg per hectare. Additionally, the second level of iron + second level of humic acid treatment showed significantly the highest yield, resulting in a 49% increase in seed yield compared to the control. Overall, the combined use of these two fertilizers is recommended. The Goldasht variety requires a shorter time for flowering and maturity compared to the Chini variety and reaches maturity earlier while also having a higher yield, making it preferable in this regard. For the traits of plant height and antioxidant activity, there is no significant difference among the cultivars. However, among the fertilizer levels, the second level of humic acid showed a height of 68.3 cm, and for antioxidant activity, the combination of the second level of humic acid and the second level of iron exhibited the highest activity at 84.5%. Overall, among the cultivars, 'Goldasht' and among the fertilizer levels, the treatment combining the second levels of iron and humic acid had the highest biological yield , the highest harvest index, oil seed yield, and seed yield. Humic acid, due to its nitrogen-like effects and its richness in organic materials, leads to increased seed filling and higher thousand-grain weight. On the other hand, the application of iron helps to cleanse reactive oxygen species and improves the plant's sink performance, providing more seeds for filling.
Conclusion
The studies revealed that the Goldasht variety is earlier maturing than the Chini variety and also has a higher yield. Since the Chini variety has a longer growth period, it may face challenges such as heat and pest or bird attacks towards the end of its growth period, which could reduce its yield. Therefore, cultivating the Goldasht variety is preferable in this regard. In comparing physiological traits, it was observed that the use of iron and humic acid fertilizers increased the stability and resistance of the varieties. The interaction between humic acid and iron is beneficial for safflower health, leading to increased nutrient uptake, improved growth parameters, enhanced seed yield, and better stress tolerance.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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