نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
گروه زراعت،دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان ، گرگان، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Introduction
Excessive use of pesticides in agriculture creates many consequences for public health and environmental pollution. Many measures have been introduced in pest management and pesticide use to reduce the harm from pesticide products. The Environmental Impact Quotient (EIQ) has been developed to quantify the risks of pesticides to humans and the environment. We can identify the most detrimental pesticides by measuring such quotient and then prepare the biological health of society through replacing them by other pesticides. The environmental effects of consuming the pesticides by using that environmental impact quotient was considered in this study. This study investigated the environmental effects of pesticides used in wheat and barley fields in Aliabad Katool county, Golestan province.
Materials and Methods
This study was evaluated in wheat and barley fields in Fazel Abad of Ali Abad Katool county during 2021-2022. For this purpose, 22 wheat fields and 12 barley fields were randomly selected and the information related to pesticide spraying, field area, crop rotation and crop yields was collected from farmers in the form of a questionnaires. Then the amount of environmental effect of pesticides per hectare (EIQ-FUR) was obtained from the product of their EIQ value in the amount of effective substance and the consumption amount per hectare.
Results and discussion
According to the results of this study, the highest amount of damage to farm workers is in the group of herbicides related to Bromicide, in the group of insecticides related to Dursban, and in the group of fungicides to Altocombi, Raxil and Folicur was determined. Also, Raxil, Folicur and Altocombi fungicides showed more damage to consumers and leaching risk. In addition, two insecticides, Diazinon and Dursban, were introduced as the most dangerous pesticides to environmental organisms. Also, Pumasuper, Altocombi, Folicur, and Raxil were known to be harmful pesticides on ecological components. In general, based on the EIQ index for each pesticide, Altocombi, Pumasuper, Dursban, Diazinon and Folicur were introduced as the most dangerous pesticides. Based on the EIQ index for each pesticide, Altokambi, Pumasuper, Dursaban and Folicor were introduced as the most dangerous pesticides in the fields. Considering the average consumption of pesticides per hectare and the amount of their effective substance in addition to the EIQ index, Inovor (18.48), Dursban (17.83), Bromicide (17.01), Diazinon (16.66), Malathion (13.68), 2,4-D (13.44), Bazagran (13.44) and Artea (13.25) were considered as dangerous pesticides in the region and therefore more planning should be done in using or replacing them.
Conclusion
The classification of the environmental effect of pesticides used in the studied area showed that the amount of damage to the environment was higher in wheat fields than in barley fields. Barley fields are in the very low and low damage group, while wheat fields have an average damage class, which means that wheat farmers have paid more attention to the use of chemical pesticides. Considering the necessity of planning for the use of pesticides and informing farmers about the risks of consumption and paying attention to the use of low-damage pesticides, it is suggested that this index be calculated for all pesticides used in the region and the selection of pesticides in integrated pest management programs should be done according to this index.
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, wheat and barley farmers, and agricultural Jihad management of Fazel Abad region, Ali Abad Katool county for their cooperation in conducting this research.
Keywords: Environment, Fungicide, Herbicide, Insecticide
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, wheat and barley farmers, and agricultural Jihad management of Fazel Abad region, Ali Abad Katool county for their cooperation in conducting this research.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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