تأثیر نیتروژن و گوگرد در حضور ترکیب سودوموناس آئروژینوزا - جلبک دریایی (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) بر صفات زراعی و عملکرد دانه کلزا (Brassica napus L.) در اراضی پس از برداشت برنج (Oryza sativa L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران

چکیده

این مطالعه به‌منظور بررسی اثرات کودهای شیمیایی نیتروژنی و گوگردی و تنظیم‌کننده رشد (ترکیب فرموله‌شده باکتری سودوموناس آئروژینوزا و جلبک دریایی) بر صفات کمّی و کیفی کلزا (رقم هایولا 401) در کشت دوم شالیزارهای استان گیلان انجام شد. آزمایش مزرعه‌ای به‌صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار طی دو سال زراعی 1401-1400 و 1402-1401 در مزرعه‌ای واقع در بازکیاگوراب شهرستان لاهیجان اجرا گردید. در این تحقیق، عامل‌های آزمایشی شامل عدم مصرف و مصرف پنج میلی‌گرم در لیتر تنظیم‌کننده رشد به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و چهار سطح کود نیتروژن خالص شامل صفر، 90، 180 و 270 کیلوگرم در هکتار (از منبع اوره) و سه سطح کود شیمیایی گوگرد خالص (صفر، 35 و 70 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از منبع سولفات آمونیوم (گوگرد 24 درصد و نیتروژن 12 درصد) به‌عنوان عامل فرعی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد دانه و روغن به­ترتیب به‌میزان 4081 و 1135 کیلوگرم در هکتار در تیمار مصرف تنظیم‌کننده رشد، کاربرد 270 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود نیتروژنی و 70 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود گوگردی مشاهده گردید. در مقابل، کمترین عملکرد دانه و روغن به‌ترتیب به‌میزان 1085 و 368 کیلوگرم در هکتار در تیمار مصرف تنظیم‌کننده رشد بدون نیتروژن و مصرف 70 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود گوگردی به ‌دست آمد. همچنین، طول دوره گل‌دهی، رشد و پرشدن دانه تحت تأثیر تنظیم‌کننده رشد و کودهای شیمیایی نیتروژنه و گوگردی در سطح یک درصد معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین طول دوره گل‌دهی (31 روز)، رشد (207 روز) و پرشدن دانه (82 روز) مربوط به تیمار مصرف 270 کیلوگرم نیتروژن و 70 کیلوگرم گوگردی همراه با تنظیم‌کننده رشد بود. این نتایج نشان‌دهنده تأثیر مثبت استفاده هم‌زمان از تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد و کودهای نیتروژنی و گوگردی در بهبود عملکرد و کیفیت محصول کلزا در اراضی پس از برداشت برنج است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Nitrogen and Sulfur Fertilization in Combination with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Seaweed on Agricultural Traits and Seed Yield of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) in Fields after Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Harvest

نویسندگان [English]

  • seyyed mohammad Akhgar
  • Naser Mohammadian roshan
  • Hamidreza Dorodian
  • Majid Ashouri
  • Seyyed mostafa Sadeghi
Department of Agronomy and Plant breeding, Lahijan branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan,Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is one of the most important oilseed crops globally, ranking third in oil production after soybean and oil palm. The seeds contain over 40% oil, with rapeseed oil being the only edible oil that includes sulfur-containing fatty acids. Nitrogen is one of the most important nutritional elements and a key factor in achieving optimal yield in rapeseed. The bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is used as a plant growth promoter in agriculture. This bacterium helps increase nitrogen uptake and improve root growth in plants. This study aims to assess the combined effects of nitrogen and sulfur fertilizers and a growth regulator on rapeseed performance in a rice-paddy rotation system.
Materials and Methods
A split-factorial experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of nitrogen and sulfur fertilizers, as well as a growth regulator (a blend of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and seaweed), on the yield and quality of rapeseed (Hyola 401 variety) in the second crop following rice cultivation in Gilan Province. The study was designed in a completely randomized block design with three replications over two crop years (2021-2022 and 2022-2023) at a farm located in Bazkiagurab, Lahijan City. The main experimental factors included: (1) the application (or non-application) of a growth regulator at a concentration of 5 mg.L-1, and (2) nitrogen fertilization at four levels (0, 90, 180, and 270 kg.ha-1) using urea (46% N) and sulfur fertilization at three levels (0, 35, and 70 kg.ha-1) using ammonium sulfate (24% S, 12% N).
Results and Discussion
The results revealed that the highest seed yield (4081 kg.ha-1) and oil yield (1135 kg.ha-1) were obtained from the treatment involving the growth regulator, 270 kg.ha-1 of nitrogen, and 70 kg.ha-1 of sulfur. Conversely, the lowest seed yield (1085 kg.ha-1) and oil yield (368 kg.ha-1) were recorded when the growth regulator was applied without nitrogen, and with 70 kg.ha-1 of sulfur fertilizer. The application of nitrogen fertilizer improved soil microbial activity, enhanced the availability of growth hormones and stimulants, and increased nutrient uptake, all of which contributed to higher photosynthesis and improved plant dry matter. These factors played a significant role in boosting seed yield
The treatment involving 270 kg of nitrogen and 70 kg of sulfur fertilizer resulted in the highest plant height (171.3 cm). In contrast, the lowest plant height (137.3 cm) was observed in the treatment that did not include a growth regulator, nitrogen fertilizer, and only 35 kg.ha-1 of sulfur fertilizer. Additionally, the growth regulator and the nitrogen and sulfur fertilization treatments significantly affected the duration of flowering, vegetative growth, and seed filling (p ≤ 0.01). The longest durations for flowering (31 days), vegetative growth (207 days), and seed filling (82 days) were recorded in the treatment combining 270 kg.ha-1 of nitrogen, 70 kg.ha-1 of sulfur, and the growth regulator.
Conclusion
The findings suggest that plant height is strongly influenced by both the number of nodes and the length of internodes, with a significant relationship observed between plant height and the application of nitrogen and sulfur fertilizers. A positive and significant correlation was found between plant height and seed yield, highlighting the importance of plant height in determining seed production. The highest seed yield (4081 kg.ha-1) was achieved when nitrogen and sulfur fertilizers were applied along with the growth regulator. Overall, the interactions between nitrogen and sulfur fertilizers were found to impact grain yield and its components significantly. Future research exploring these interactions, particularly in combination with microbial agents, could provide valuable insights for optimizing rapeseed cultivation and better addressing the nutritional needs of plants.







 




 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bacteria
  • Flowering period
  • Growth regulator
  • Oil percentage
 

©2023 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source.

 

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دوره 17، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 63
فروردین 1404
صفحه 165-179

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 16 آذر 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 18 بهمن 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 27 بهمن 1403
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