تأثیر تراکم و آرایش کاشت ذرت دانه‌ای (Zea mays L.) بر میزان مصرف علفکشها

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاه- پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثرات تراکم و آرایش کاشت ذرت دانه‌ای در کاهش مصرف علف‌کش‌ها آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1386 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی بخش تحقیقات علف‌های‌هرز موسسه گیاهپزشکی کشور، واقع در ورامین به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار به اجرا درآمد. الگوی کاشت ذرت با چهار سطح تک‌ردیفه با تراکم معمول و دو ردیفه زیگزاگ با تراکم‌های معمول، 25% و 50% بیشتر از تراکم معمول به عنوان فاکتور اصلی و مصرف علف‌کش نیز با پنج سطح مخلوط آترازین به میزان 1 کیلوگرم در هکتار و ارادیکان به میزان 4، 5 و 6 لیتر در هکتار، مخلوط آترازین به میزان 1 کیلوگرم در هکتار و آلاکلر به میزان 5 لیتر در هکتار، ارادیکان به میزان 6 لیتر در هکتار به صورت پیش‌کاشت و به عنوان فاکتور فرعی اعمال گردید. کرتهای شاهد شامل شاهد بدون علفهرز و شاهد با علفهرز بود. تغییر الگوی کاشت ذرت از تک ردیفه با تراکم معمول به دو ردیفه زیگزاگ با تراکمهای 25% و 50% بیشتر از تراکم معمول موجب افزایش معنیدار عملکرد دانه ذرت شد. به غیر از تیمار شاهد با علفهرز عملکرد دانه سایر تیمارهای علف‌کشی اختلاف معنیداری با عملکرد دانه تیمار شاهد بدون علفهرز نداشت. در نتیجه میتوان از مقادیر کاهش یافته علفکشها استفاده نمود و در نتیجه میزان مصرف علفکشها را کاهش داد. افزایش عملکرد دانه نتیجه تأثیر معنیدار مصرف علفکش بر تعداد ردیف دانه در بلال، وزن صد دانه و قطر بلال بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the possibility of reducing herbicide application in corn (Zea mays L.) by using density and planting pattern

نویسندگان [English]

  • Neda S. Monfared
  • Iraj Alahdadi
  • Mohammad ali Baghestani
  • Hamid Iran nejad
  • Eskandar Zand
  • Atefeh Razzazi
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to study the effects of corn density and planting pattern for reducing herbicide application, an experiment was carried out in 2007 at Varamin Research Station of Plant Protection Research Institute. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a split plot arrangement with 4 replications. Experimental factors consisted of planting patterns at 4 levels included one row planting on each ridge with recommended density, two rows planting on each ridge with recommended density, 0.25 and 0.5 times more than recommended density in main plots and herbicide at 5 levels including Atrazin 1 L/ha plus EPTC 4, 5 and 6 L/ha, Atrazin 1 L/ha plus Allachlor 5 L/ha, EPTC 6 L/ha in subplots. Weed-free and weedy controls were added to treatments. Results indicated that altering planting pattern to two rows planting with 0.25 and 0.5 times more than recommended density significantly increased grain yield. Grain yield of herbicide treatments except weedy control had no significant difference in comparison with weed-free control. Therefore by using reduced rates of herbicides it is possible to decrease herbicide application. Herbicide application had significant effect on number of kernel rows per ear, 100-grain weight and ear diameter and grain yield was increased.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Planting method
  • Tankmix herbicides
  • Weeds interference
  • Competitive ability
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