Evaluation the of the Effect of Application of Superabsorbent and Mycorrhiza Inoculation on Nutrient Uptake, Water Use Efficiency and Yield of Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Plant in Deficit Irrigation Conditions

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Horticulture Crops Research, Faculty member of Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Hamedan, Iran.

2 Department of Soil and Water Research, Faculty member of Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Hamedan, Iran.

3 Department of Horticulture Crops Research, Faculty member of Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Hamedan, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction
Hamedan province, characterized by an average annual rainfall of less than 340 mm, faces significant limitations in potato production)Solanum tuberosum(, primarily due to the scarcity of irrigation water and the occurrence of drought stress during critical growth stages. In order to address these challenges, the utilization of aqueous superabsorbent materials and the inoculation of mycorrhizal fungi have emerged as highly suitable approaches. These methods aim to optimize the utilization of water and soil resources (Khadem et al., 2011). Previous studies have indicated that the inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in various plant species, apart from potatoes, can reduce the impact of drought stress and enhance nutrient uptake (Bolannazar et al., 2007; Subramanian et al., 2008). However, limited research has been conducted on the effects of superabsorbents and mycorrhizae, particularly under conditions of moisture stress and deficit irrigation in potato crops. Consequently, this experiment aims to investigate the effects of applying these methods under stress conditions.
Materials and Methods
The experiment was arranged in strip factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Three irrigation levels containing optimal irrigation (100, 75 and 50% of water requirement based on evapotranspiration from Pan Class A) in horizontal plots and factor 2 using Trawat200A superadsorbent (0 and 80 kg.ha-1) and four mycorrhiza and superabsorbent levels including no application of these material (control), superabsorbent, mycorrhiza as a bio-fertilizer and their combination were considered as sub plots. The Agria potato cultivar was selected. Superabsorbent material was applied adjacent to the tubers at planting time. Mycorrhizal inoculum containing the active propagules (CFU 120 /g) was inoculated to the tubers. The concentration of nutrients in the shoot and in the tubers were determined by using Kjeldahl apparatus for Nitrogen (Waling et al., 1989), spectrophotometer for phosphorus (Jones, 2001), flame photometry for Potassium and atomic absorption spectroscopy for Iron, Zinc, and Manganese (Ryan et al., 2001). the produced tubers were divided, weighed and counted based on their size in three groups (small, medium and larg). Water use efficiency was determined as the amount of dry matter produced per cubic meter of water consumption in different treatments.
Results and Discussion
The results of combined analysis of variance showed that the main effects of irrigation rate, application of mycorrhiza and superabsorbent on tuber yield and percentage of dry matter, nutrient uptake in stem, leaf and tuber were significant. Comparison of means showed that with the application of low irrigation and increasing the intensity of water deficiency (reducing the amount of irrigation water), total yield decreased, but this decrease was significantly less in conditions of inoculation with mycorrhiza and the use of superabsorbent polymer. Mycorrhiza and superabsorbent increased the absorption of nutrients, especially under severe water deficiency. In this study, there was a significant difference in the uptake of phosphorus and other low-consumption and high-consumption nutrients at normal irrigation levels and stress in mycorrhizal plants, so that their uptake increased in proportion to the increase in stress intensity and in mycorrhizal inoculation conditions. It seems that by creating stress conditions, the ability and efficiency of mycorrhiza in nutrient uptake is increased and thus in the conditions of lack of moisture with the coexistence mechanism in the relationship of the plant more effectively helps the survival and durability of the plant. Mycorrhizal fungi can increase the uptake of phosphorus from the soil by increasing the relative water content and ultimately play an effective role in increasing plant growth (Krishna et al., 2005). In this study, it was found that the use of superabsorbent in potatoes helps to increase the absorption of nutrients. The reason for this can be increasing the storage capacity of water and nutrients for a long time in the soil, reducing nutrient leaching, rapid and optimal root growth with better nutrient storage and aeration of the soil.
Conclusion
In this study, it was found that the application of superabsorbent and mycorrhiza in potato helps to increase nutrient uptake as well as tuber yield. The positive effects of combined application  of mycorrhiza and superabsorbent on nutrient uptake and yield were more evident especially in conditions of severe water deficiency.
Acknowledgements
We are grateful for the efforts of Dr. Bakhtiari and Mr. Abdolreza Mordai in coordinating and equipping irrigation equipment and land preparation.

Keywords

Main Subjects


  1. Allahdadi, M.A., Ghamsari, B. M., Akbari, G., & Zohoor Mehr, M.G. )2005(. Investigating the effect of various A200 hydrogel polymer and different levels of irrigation on growth and yield of corn. In 9th Iranian Congress of Agricultural Sciences and Plant Breeding, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran, 26-27 September 2005, p. 113-163. (In Persian)
  2. Al-Karaki, G.N., McMichael, B., & Zak, J. )2004(. Field response of wheat to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and drought stress. Mycorrhiza, 14, 263–269. org/10.1007/s00572-003-0265-2.
  3. Amerian, M.R., & Stewart, W.S. (2001). Effect of 2 species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth assimilation and leaf water relations in maize (Zea mays). Aspects of Applied Biology, 63, 1-6.
  4. Auge´, R.M. (2001). Water relations, drought and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Mycorrhiza 11: 3-42.
  5. Bagheri, A., Azizi, K., Heidari, S., & Hasanvandi, M.S. (2013). Regression modeling of growth indices of lentil affected by bio-fertilizer with superabsorbent polymer. International Journal of Farming and Apllied Sciences, 2(19): 712-719. (In Persian with English Summary)
  6. Banedj Schafiee, S., & Rahbar, E. (2019). Efficiency of a hydrophilic polymer in agriculture and natural resources. Iranian Journal of Rangeland and Desert Research, 10(1): 111-129. (In Persian with English Summary). org/10.22092/ijrdr.2019.119699.
  7. Bolandnazar, S., Aliasgarzad, N.., Neishabury, M.R., & Chaparzadeh, N. (2007). Mycorrhizal colonization improves onion (Allium cepa) yield and water use efficiency under water deficit condition. Scientia Horticulture, 114: 11–15.
  8. Boomsma, C.R., & Vyn, T.J. (2008). Maize drought tolerance: Potential improvements through arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Field Crops Research, 108: 14–31. org/10.1016/j.scienta.2007.05.012.
  9. Carlile, M.J., Watkinson, S.C., & Gooday, G.M. (2001). The fungi. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego pp. 260.
  10. Davies, J.R., Calderón, F.T., & Huainan, Z. (2005). Influence of arhuscular on growth, yield, and leaf elemental concentration of 'Yungay' potatoes. Hort Science, 40: 381-385. org/10.1080/01448765.2007.10823209.
  11. Demir, S. (2004). Influence of arbuscular mycorrhiza on some physiological growth parameters of pepper. Turkish Journal of Biology, 28: 85-90. org/10.1007/s00572-010-0360-0.
  12. Elizabeth, M., Duffy, A., & Cassells, C. (2000). The effect of inoculation of potato microplant with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on tuber yield and tuber size distribution. Applied Soil Ecology, 15: 137-144. org/10.1016/S0929-1393(00)00089-5.
  13. Eissenstat, D.M., Graham, J.H, Syvertsen, J.P., & Drouillard, D.L. (1993). Carbon economy of sour orange in relation to mycorrhizal colonization and phosphorus status. Annual Botany, 71: 1-10. org/10.1006/anbo.1993.1001.
  14. Elliott, A.P., Bird, G.W., & Safir, G.R. (1984). Joint influence of Pratylenchus penetrans (Nematode) and Glomus fasciculatus (Phycomycete) on the ontology of Phaseolus vulgaris. Nematropica Journal, 14: 111-119.
  15. Elwan, L.M. (2001). Effect of soil water regimes and inoculation with mycorrhizae on growth and nutrients content of maize plants. Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research, 28: 163-172.
  16. Feng, G., Zhang, F.S., Tian, C.Y., & Tang, C. (2002). Improved tolerance of maize plants to salt stress by arbuscular mycorrhiza is related to higher accumulation of soluble sug-ars in roots. Mycorrhiza, 12: 185–190. org/ 10.1007/s00572-002-0170-0.
  17. Gaurav, S.S., Sirohi S.P.S., Singh, B., & Sirohi, P. (2010). Effect of mycorrhiza on growth, yield and tuber deformity in Potato (Solanum tuberosum) grown under water stress conditions. Progressive Agriculture Journal, 10: 31-40.
  18. Gee, G.W., & Bauder J.W.C. (1986). Methods of Soil Analysis, Part1, Physical and Mineralogical Methods. Second edition, American Society of Agronomy, USA pp. 383-411.
  19. Giovannetti, M. (2000). Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Physiology and Function. Kluwer Academic publishers, Netherlands pp. 320.
  20. Goicoechea, N., Antolín, M.C., & Sánchez-Díaz, M. (1997). Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae and Rhizobium on nutrient content and water relations in drought stressed alfalfa. Plant and Soil, 192: 261-268. org/10.1023/A:1004216225159
  21. Gonigle, T., Miller, M., and Swan, J. (1990). A new method that gives an objective measure of colonization of roots by vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. New Phytologist, 115: 495-501. org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1990.tb00476.x.
  22. Graham, S.O., Green, N.E., & Hendrix, J.W. (1996). The influence of vesicular- arbuscular mycorrhiza on growth and tuberization of potatoes. Mycologia Journal, 68: 925-929. org/10.1080/00275514.1976.12019968
  23. Hao, J.J., Meng, Q.X., Yin, J.F., & Kirk, W.W. (2009). Characterization of a new Streptomyces strain, DS3024, that causes potato common scab. Plant Diseases, 93: 1329–1334. org/10.1094/PDIS-93-12-1329.
  24. Jahan, M., Kamayestani, N., & Ranjbar, F. (2013). The feasibility of using superabsorbent moisture to reduce drought stress in corn in a low input system. Journal of Agroecology 5(3): 272-281. (In Persian with English Summary)
  25. Jalili, K.H., Jalili, J., & Sohrabi, H. (2011). The effect of super absorbents and irrigation period on generative growth of rosa bushes. Journal of Plant Production, 18(3): 91-104. (In Persian with English Summary). org/10.22067/jag.v5i3.28999.
  26. Jones, J. (2001). Laboratory Guide for Conducting Soil Tests and Plant Analysis. CRC Press, LLC. USA.
  27. Karoliina, N., Ritta, j., Hely, H., & Tytii, S. (2006). Suillus Variegatus causes significant changes in Scots pine seedlings during mycorrhiza formation in vitro Journal Experimental Botany, 1-11. doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erl209.
  28. Kellam, M.K., & Schenck, N.C. (1980). Interaction between a vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and root-knot nematode on soyabean. Phytopathology, 70: 293-296.
  29. Khadem, S.A., Raroudi, M., Ghalvi, M., & Roosta, M.G. (2011). Effect of drought stress and application of different ratios of manure and polymers-permeable fertilizer on yield and yield components of corn. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 42(1): 115-123. (In Persian with English Summary)
  30. Knudsen, D., Peterson, G.A., & Pratt, P.E. (1982). Lithium, sodium and potassium. In A.L. page (Ed.). Methods of Soil Analysis-Part 2, Agron. Monogr. 9, American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, pp. 225-246.
  31. Krishna. H., Singh, S.K., & Sharma, R.R. (2005). Biochemical changes in micropropagated grape (Vitis vinifera) plantlets due to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculated during ex vitro acclimatization. Scientia Horticulturae 106: 554-567. doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2005.05.009.
  32. Maclean, A.M., Bravo, A., & Harrison, M.J. (2017). Plant signaling and metabolic pathways enabling arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Plant Cell American Society of Plant Biologists, 29(10): org/10.1105/tpc.17.00555.
  33. Mao, R., Islam, S., Xue, X., Yang, X., Zhao, X., & Hu, Y. (2011). Evaluation of a water-saving superabsorbent polymer for corn (Zea mays) production in arid regions of Northern China. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(17): 4108-4115. doi.org 10.5897/AJAR11.395.
  34. Menzel, C.M. (1985). Tuberization in potato at high temperature: Interaction between temperature and irradiance. Annual Botany 55: 35-39. org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a086875.
  35. Monnig, S. (2005). Watter saturated super- absorbent polymers used in high strength concrete. Journal of Otto- Graf 3(16): 193-202.
  36. Mutetwa, M., Shoko, M.D., & Mtaita, T.A. (2010). The effect of super phosphate and planting density on mini-tuber production from true potato seed. Second Ruforum Biennial Meeting, 20-24 September 2010, Entebbe, Uganda. pp. 120-126. org/10.4314/ijbcs.v4i4.63067.
  37. Olsen, S.R., Cole, C.V., Watanabe, F.S., & Dean, L.A. (1954). Estimation of available phosphorus in soil by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. USDA Circ. 939 US Gover. Prin. Office, Washington DC.
  38. Parvizi, K., Parvizi, Y., & Navaei, A. (2017). Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Rhizophagus irregularis) inoculation in different levels of water deficit on minituber production in potato. Journal of Plant Productions (Agronomy, Breeding and Horticulture), 40(3): 15-26. (In Persian with English Summary). org/10.22055/ppd.2017.19706.1402.
  39. Pawlowska, T.E., & Taylor, J.W. (2004). Organization of genetic variation in individuals of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Nature, 427: 733-737.
  40. Rapparini, F., Liusia, J., & Penuelas, J. (2008). Effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza on contents of Artemisia annua. Plant Biology, 10(1): org/108-122. 10.1055/s-2007-964963.
  41. Rashidi, N., Arji, I., Gerdekaneh, M., & Kashi, A. (2014). The effect of organic manure and water super absorbent on tuber yield and yield components of potato (Solanum tuberosum, cv. marfona). Plant Production Technology, 5(2): 11-22. (In Persian with English Summary). org/10.22067/jhorts4.v0i0.45072.
  42. Rosendahl, S. (1985). Interactions between the vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus fasciculatus and Aphanomyces euteiches root-rot of peas. Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 114: 31-40.
  43. Rowe, R.C. (1993). Potato Health Management. pp. 5-27. APS Press.
  44. Ryan, J.R., Stefan, G., & Rashid A. (2001). Soil and Plant Analysis Laboratory Manual (2nd Edition). ICARDA. Aleppo, Syria, pp.172.
  45. Sanchez-Blanco, M.I., Ferrandez, T., Morales M., Morata, A., & Alarcon, J.J. (2004). Variations in water status, gas exchange and growth in Rosmarinus officinalis plant infected with Glomus deserticola under drought condition. Journal of Plant Physiology, 161: 673-682. org/10.1078/0176-1617-01191.
  46. Subramanian, K.S., Bharathi, C.A., & Jegan, O. (2008). Response of maize to mycorrhizal colonization at varying levels of zinc and phosphorus. Biology Fertil Soils, 45: 133–144. org/10.1007/s00374-008-0317-z.
  47. Upadhya, M.D., Hardy, B., Guar, P.C., & Iiantileke, S.G. (1996). Production and utilization of the potato seed in Asia, CIP. pp. 233.
  48. Waling, I., Vark, W.V., Houba, V.J.G., & Vanderlee, J.J. (1989). Soil and Plant Analysis, a series of syllabi. Part 7. Plant Analysis Procedures. Wageningen Agriculture University, Netherland, pp 272.
  49. Yao, M.K., Tweddell, R.J., & Desilets, H. (2002). Effects of two Vesicular- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth of microplanted potato plantlets. Mycorrhiza, 12: 235-242. org/10.1007/s00572-002-0176-7
  50. Zhu, H.H., & Yao, Q. (2004). Localized and systemic increase of phenols in tomato roots induced by Glomus versiforme inhibits Ralstonia solanacearum. Journal of Phytopathology, 152: 537-542. org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2004.00892.x.
CAPTCHA Image
  • Receive Date: 14 July 2021
  • Revise Date: 23 October 2021
  • Accept Date: 25 October 2021
  • First Publish Date: 25 October 2021