Effect of Green Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Additive iIntercropping on Growth, Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Equivalent Yield and Land Use Efficiency under Different Levels of N Fertilizer

Document Type : Scientific - Research

Authors

Bu-Ali Sina University

Abstract

Introduction
One of the ways to move towards sustainable agriculture is to create diversity and using intercropping of crops, cultivars and / or different isolines in agriculture. In order to increase productivity in the agricultural system, resource management and inputs also play a key role. In addition, to preserve ecological balance and stability of the system, the main goals in the intercropping systems are maximum exploitation of environmental resources such as water, soil, food, the quantitative as well as qualitative increase of yield, and reduction of damage from pests, diseases, and weeds. In addition, improvement social conditions, such as greater economic stability and adequate nutrition for humans are pursued. Therefore, the present study aimed to exploit the agro-ecological benefits of additive intercropping of green bean in reduction of nitrogen consumption in potato cultivation and improving the land use efficiency and potato equivalent yield.
 
Materials and Methods
In order to evaluate the effects of additive intercropping of green bean on potato growth, tuber yield, nitrogen use efficiency, land use efficiency, and potato equivalent yield as well as green bean yield, an experiment was conducted at the Farm Research of Faculty Agriculture (latitude 35◦1'N, longitude 48◦31'E and 1690 m altitude), Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran, in the growing season of 2016. Experiment was laid out as a factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Four planting patterns including sole cropping of potato (M1), green bean intercrops between potato rows (M2), green bean intercrops within potato rows (M3) and green bean intercrops between and within potato rows (M4) were applied in combination with three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (N0, N80 and N160: 0, 80 and 160 kg N ha-1, respectively). Intercropping system was done using additive design. So that, the potato density was kept constant and in all cropping patterns, 50% sole green bean planting density was added to potato plots. Traits of plant height (PH), tuber yield (TY), number of tuber per plant (NTP), tuber dry matter (TDW), harvest index (HI), and potato equivalent yield (PEY) for potato, and green bean pod yield (GPY), number of pods per plant (NPP), and biological yield (BY) for  green bean were evaluated. Land equivalent ratio (LER), relative value total (RVT) indices were also studied.
Results and Discussion
Results demonstrate that planting pattern and N had the strongest influence on tuber equivalent yield as well as tuber yield of winter wheat followed by interactions between these treatment factors. Accordingly, when normal and high N levels were applied, potato equivalent yield values were comparable to, or higher than, those obtained without consumption of N. The highest potato tuber yield (42.50 t.ha-1) was revealed at the treatment of green bean intercrops between potato rows with consumption of 160 kg N ha-1. This treatment did not show significant difference with the treatment of green bean intercrops between potato rows with consumption of 80 kg N ha-1, which had a yield of 41.51 t.ha-1. Also, the highest values for yield of green beans (515 g.m-2), the land equivalent ratio (1.50), total relative value (1.45) and the highest potato equivalent yield (54.38 t.ha-1) were obtained at M2 × N80 (green bean cultivation between potato rows with consumption of 80 kg N ha-1) treatment. Legumes have the ability to nitrogen fixation and using of them in intercropped systems can be suitable for reduce nitrogen use as well as environmental problems. Therefore, in terms of growth, tuber yield, land use efficiency and nitrogen utilization efficiency, treatment of green bean intercrops between potato rows with consumption of 80 kg N ha-1 was the best treatment for potato production.
Conclusion
In general, the cultivation of green beans between potato rows due to ecological, morphological and nutritional differences has cooperation aspects in intercropping. This will increase the productivity of the land, the light and food in the unit area and the diversity in agricultural ecosystems.
 
 
Materials and methods: In order to evaluate the effects of additive intercropping of green bean on potato growth, tuber yield, nitrogen use efficiency, land use efficiency, and potato equivalent yield as well as green bean yield, an experiment was conducted at the Farm Research of Faculty Agriculture (latitude 35◦1'N, longitude 48◦31'E and 1690 m altitude), Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran, in the growing season of 2016. Experiment was laid out as a factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Four planting patterns including sole cropping of potato (M1), green bean intercrops between potato rows (M2), green bean intercrops within potato rows (M3) and green bean intercrops between and within potato rows (M4) were applied in combination with three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (N0, N80 and N160: 0, 80 and 160 kg N ha-1, respectively). Intercropping system was done using additive design. So that, the potato density was kept constant and in all cropping patterns, 50% sole green bean planting density was added to potato plots. Traits of plant height (PH), tuber yield (TY), number of tuber per plant (NTP), tuber dry matter (TDW), harvest index (HI), and potato equivalent yield (PEY) for potato, and green bean pod yield (GPY), number of pods per plant (NPP), and biological yield (BY) for  green bean were evaluated. Land equivalent ratio (LER), relative value total (RVT) indices were also studied.
 
Results and discussion: Results demonstrate that planting pattern and N had the strongest influence on tuber equivalent yield as well as tuber yield of winter wheat followed by interactions between these treatment factors. Accordingly, when normal and high N levels were applied, potato equivalent yield values were comparable to, or higher than, those obtained without consumption of N. The highest potato tuber yield (42.50 t ha-1) was revealed at the treatment of green bean intercrops between potato rows with consumption of 160 kg N ha-1. This treatment did not show significant difference with the treatment of green bean intercrops between potato rows with consumption of 80 kg N ha-1, which had a yield of 41.51 t ha-1. Also, the highest values for yield of green beans (515 g m-2), the land equivalent ratio (1.50), total relative value (1.45) and the highest potato equivalent yield (54.38 t ha-1) were obtained at M2 × N80 (green bean cultivation between potato rows with consumption of 80 kg N ha-1) treatment. Legumes have the ability to nitrogen fixation and using of them in intercropped systems can be suitable for reduce nitrogen use  as well as environmental problems. Therefore, in terms of growth, tuber yield, land use efficiency and nitrogen utilization efficiency, treatment of green bean intercrops between potato rows with consumption of 80 kg N ha-1 was the best treatment for potato production.
Conclusion: In general, the cultivation of green beans between potato rows due to ecological, morphological and nutritional differences has cooperation aspects in intercropping. This will increase the productivity of the land, the light and food in the unit area and the diversity in agricultural ecosystems.

Keywords


Afsharmanesh, G.H.R., 2013. Effect of maize and potato intercropping on yield and yield components in early springplanting in Jiroft region. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 14(4):333–345. (In Persian with English Summary)
Al–Dalain, S.A., 2009. Effect of intercropping of maize with potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) on potato growth and on the productivityand land equivalent ratio of potato and maize. Agricultural Journal 4(3):164–170.
Allahdadi, M., Shakiba, M.R., Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab, A., and Mini, R., 2013. Evaluation of competition, yield quantity and quality of soybean (Glycine max Merr.) and calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) in intercropping systems. Journal of Agroecology 7(1): 38–51. (In Persian with English Summary)
Arshadi, M.J., Khazaei, H.R., and Kafi, M., 2013. Evaluation of effect of nitrogen topdress fertilizer application by using chlorophyll meter on yield, yield components and growth indices of potato. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 11(4):573–582. (In Persian with English Summary)
Banik, P., Midya, A., Sarkar, B.K., and Ghose, S.S., 2006. Wheat and chickpea intercropping systems inadditive series experiment: Advantages and smothering. European Journal of Agronomy 24: 324–332.
Barmaki, M., 2001. Intercropping of potatoes and peas in Ardabil. MSc Thesis, University of Tabriz, Pp: 88. (In Persian with English Summary)
Bindera, A.D. and Thakur, V.S., 2005. Legume intercropping with potato based cropping system at varied fertility levels under high hills dry temperate conditions of Himachal Pradesh. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 8:488–498.
Dua, V.K., Lal, S.S., and Govindakrishnan, P.M., 2005. Production potential and competition indices in potato + french bean intercropping system in Shimla Hills. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science 75:321-323.
Gebremedhin, W., 2001. Effects of spatial arrangement on tuber yields of some potato. African Crop Science Journal 9:67–76.
Genard, T., Etienne, P., Diquelou, S., Yvin, J., Revellin, C., and Laîne, P., 2017. Rapeseed-legume intercrops: plant growth and nitrogen balance in early stages of growth and development. Heliyon 3(3):1–20.
Geren, H., Avcioglu, R., Soya, H., and Kir, B., 2008. Intercropping of corn with cowpea and bean: Biomass yield and silage quality. Biotechnology 22:4100–4104.
Gubbles, G.H., and Dedio, W.I., 2004. Intercropping of weat and safflower genotypes. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 3:521–527.
Hamzei, J., and Babaei, M., 2017. Study of quality and quantity of yield and land equivalent ratio of sunflower in intercropping series with bean. Journal of Agroecology 8(4):490–504. (In Persian with English Summary)
Hamzei, J., and Seyedi, M., 2012. Determination of the best intercropping combination of wheat and rapeseed basedon agronomic indices, total yield and land use equivalent ratio. Journal of Crop Production and Processing 2:109–130. (In Persian with English Summary)
Hamzei, J., and Seyedi, M., 2016. Energy use and input–output costs for sunflower production in sole and intercropping with soybean under different tillage systems. Soil and Tillage Research 157:73–82.
Hosseinpanahi, F., Koochehi, A.R., Nassiri Mohallati, M., and Ghorbani, R., 2010. Evaluation of radiation absorption and use efficiency in potato-corn intercropping. Journal of Agroecology 2(1):50–60. (In Persian with English Summary)
Jamshidi, K., Mazaheri, D., and Saba, J., 2008. An evaluation of yield in intercropping of maize and potato. Desert 12:105–111. (In Persian with English Summary)
Javanshir, A., Dabbagh Mohammady Nassab, A., Hamidi, A., and Gholipoor, M., 2000. Ecology of intercropping. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Press. Pp: 224.
Koocheki, A., Nassiri Mahallati, M., Feizi, H., Amirmoradi, S., and Mondani, F., 2012. Effect of strip intercroppingof maize (Zea mays L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on yield and land equivalent ratio in weedy and weed freeconditions. Journal of Agroecology, 2(2): 225–235. (In Persian with English Summary)
Larbi A., El-Moneim, A.M.A., Nakkoul, H., Jammal, B., and Hassan, S., 2011. Intra-species variations in yield and quality determinates in Vicia species: 3. Common vetch (Vicia sativa ssp. sativa L.). Animal Feed Science and Technology 164:241–251.
Li, L., Sun, J., Zhang, F., Guo, T., Bao, X., Smith, F.A., and Smith. S.E., 2006. Root distribution and interactions between intercropped species. Oecologia 147:280–290.
Mariotti, M., Masoni, A., Ercoli, L., and Arduini, I., 2009. Above- and below-ground competition between barley, wheat, lupin and vetch in a cereal and legume intercropping system. Grass Forage Science 64:401–412.
Mirzakhani, M., and Davari, M.R., 2017. The effect of inoculation with Azotobacter and nitrogen levels on grain and corn (Zea mays L.) yield components at simultaneous cropping system with legumes. Journal of Agroecology 9(1): 63–75. (In Persian with English Summary)
Monti, M., Pellicano, A., Santonoceto, C., Preiti, G., and Pristeri, A., 2016. Yield components and nitrogen use in cereal- pea intercrops in Mediterranean environment. Field Crops Research 196:379–388.
Mulugeta, D., and Boerboom, C.M., 2000. Critical time of weed removal in glyphosate resistant soybean (Glycin max). Weed Science 48:856–870.
Nachigera, G.M., Ledent, J.F, and Draye, X., 2008. Shoot and root competition in potato/maize intercropping: Effects on growth and yield. Environmental and Experimental Botany 64:180–188.
Nasiri Mahallati, M., Koocheki, A., Mondani, F., Feizi, H., and Amirmoradi, S., 2015. Determination of optimal strip width in strip intercropping of maize (Zea mays L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Northeast Iran. Journal of Cleaner Production 106:343–350. (In Persian with English Summary)
Nasrollahzadeh Asl, A., Dabbagh Mohammadi, A., Zehtab S., Moghadam, M., and Jamshir, A., 2012. Evaluation of potato and pinto bean intercropping. Journal of Crops Ecophysiolog 2(22):111–126. (In Persian with English Summary)
Piri, I., Zendehdel, B., and Tavassoli, A., 2017. Study of agronomical and ecological parameters of additive and replacement intercropping systems of corn (Zea maize L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.). Journal of Agroecology 9(3): 705–721. (In Persian with English Summary)
Prasad, R., Sing, S., and Pal, M., 2001. Studies on intercropping potato with fenugreek. Acta Agronomiea Hungarica 49:189–192.
Raei, Y., Bolandnazar, S.A., and Dameghsi, N., 2011. Evaluation of common bean and potato densities effects on potato tuber yield in mono-cropping and intercropping systems. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 21(2):131–142. (In Persian with English Summary)
Ren, Y., Liuc, J., Wangd, Z., and Zhanga, S., 2016. Planting density and sowing proportions of maize–soybean intercrops affected competitive interactions and water-use efficiencies on the Loess Plateau, China. European Journal of Agronomy 72:70–79.
Rezaei–Chianeh, E., Dabbagh Mohammadi Nassab, A., Shakiba, M.R., Ghassemi–Golezan, K., Aharizad, S., and Shekari, F., 2011. Intercropping of maize (Zea mays L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in different plant population densities. Journal of Agricultural Research 6(7):1786–1793. (In Persian with English Summary)
Sarker, U.K, Dey, S., Kundu, S., and Awal, M.A., 2013. On-farm study on intercropping of hybrid maize with short duration vegetables. Journal of Bangladesh Agricultural University 11(1):1–4.
Seyedi, M., Hamzei, J., Ahmadvand, G., and Abutalebian, M.A., 2012. The evaluation of weed suppression and crop production in barley-chickpea intercrops. Journal of Agricultural Science 22(3):101–115. (In Persian with English Summary)
Uddin, J.M., Quayyum, M.A, and Salahuddin, K,M., 2009. Intercropping of hybrid maize with short duration vegetables at hill valleys of bandarban. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 34(1):51–57.
Yang, F., Huang, S., Gao, R., Liu, W., Yong, T., Wang, X., Wu, X., and Yang, W., 2014. Growth of soybean seedling in relay strip intercropping systems in relation to light quantity and red: far- red ratio. Field Crops Research 155: 245–253.
CAPTCHA Image