The Effect of Sulfur and Manure on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Sesame Varieties (Sesamum indicum L.)

Document Type : Scientific - Research

Authors

• Marjan Saeidi Nezhad ¹
• Mohammad Ali Behdani ²
• Mohammad Hassan Sayyari Zahan ³
• Sohrab Mahmoodi ¹

¹ Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran

² Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran.

³ Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Iran

10.22067/jag.v11i3.71128

Abstract

Introduction
Oil seeds had an important role in supplying food, heat and pharmaceutical needs. Today oil seeds are considered as the strategic agricultural products in the world.  Providing of essential elements for crops, especially micro-nutrients play an important role in increasing the quality of produced food and improving community health. Sulfur is one of the essential elements required for plants, which has been underestimated in recent years. In oil seeds, sulfur plays an important role in seeds quality and growth. These plants usually need more sulfur for suitable growth and higher yield. Synthesis of some essential proteins and vitamins in crops has been faced difficulty due to sulfur deficiency. The addition of organic matter with sulfur in soils with high acidity is an appropriate option for reducing acidity and dissolving the required elements of crops.
Materials and Methods
The limiting factors in crop production are high soil pH and its effect on availability of nutrients and also organic matter shortages. This research was conducted at Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center to determine the effect of sulfur and cattle manure on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sesame varieties (Sesamum indicum L.) in a factorial experiment with completely randomized block design with 3 replications in 2016. The treatments consisted of powdered sulfur at four levels (0, 2, 4 and 8 t.ha-1), Cow manure at two levels (0 and 20 t.ha-1) and included two Jiroft-13 and Jiroft local varieties. After soil preparation the cultivars were planted on the rows with 50 cm distance. Grain yield, Harvest index, Oil and Protein Content, phosphorus and leaf sulfur content of sesame varieties were measured at the end of the growing season.
Results and Discussion
The results indicated that the highest level of sulfur (8 t.ha-1) except for harvest index caused a significant increase in the investigated traits compared to the control treatment. The interactions of Cattle manure and sulfur were significant on some traits and the highest grain yield belonged to the Jiroft-13 cultivar in the highest level of sulfur and Cattle manure. The Jiroft-13 cultivar had the highest grain oil and protein content and harvest index as compared to Jiroft local variety. Effects of sulfur and Cattle manure treatments on grain oil and protein were significant and the highest amount was observed in combined application of sulfur and manure. Application of sulfur increased the concentration of this element in sesame leaves and also due to local reduction of soil acidity, it had a significant effect on increasing phosphorus uptake. The results indicate that the integrated use of sulfur and cattle manure as an ecological solution in order to increase growth and quantitative and qualitative production of oil crops, especially in alkaline soils could be considered.
Conclusion
In general, the results of this study indicate that sulfur application had a significant effect on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sesame varieties and soil improvement. Application of cattle manure improved physical and chemical properties of soil, resulted yield increase and provided the sulfur oxidation conditions. In alkaline soils, animal fertilizers can be used to release phosphorus and fixed micronutrients. Considering the positive effect of sulfur on soil pH reduction and increasing accessibility to phosphorus and micronutrients, consumption of this substance with animal fertilizers, will make each one more effective. Large amounts of sulfur are produced in the country's oil and gas industries which can play an important role in increasing the quality of oilseed crops. According to the experimental conditions and the obtained results in the absence of cow manure, using 8 t.ha-1 of sulfur is recommended. However, under application of 20 t.ha-1 of cow manure, while using lower levels of sulfur, favorable results can be obtained.  Jiroft-13 had a higher yield than local variety and is recommended for Kerman climatic conditions.

Keywords

• Oil seed
• Fertilizer
• Oil
• Soil acidity
• Soil improvement

20.1001.1.20087713.1398.11.3.4.3

---

References

Ahmadi, J., Seyfi, M.M., and Amini Dehghi, M. 2012. Effect of spraying micronutrients Fe, Zn and Ca on grain and oil yield of sesame (Sesamus indicum L.) varieties. Electronic Journal of Crop Production 5: 115-130. (In Persian with English Summary)

Ahmad, A., and Abdin, M.Z. 2006. Interactive effect of sulphur and nitrogen on the oil and protein contents and on the fatty acid profiles of oil in the seeds of rapeseed (Brassica compestris) and mustar (Brassica juncea L. czern and coss) genotypes. Journal of Agronomy Crop Science 185:49-54.

Akhavan, Z., Fallah, A., and Rezaei AmroAbadi, S. 2012. Effect of sulfur and Thiobacillus inoculant on iron, zinc, copper and manganese concentration in canola in greenhouse condition. Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding 8: 191-197. (In Persian)

Babaei, P., Golchin, A., Besharati, H., and Afzali, M. 2012. Effect of microbial sulfur fertilizer on nutrient uptake and yield of soybean in farm. Iranian Journal of Soil Research 26: 145-151. (In Persian with English Summary)

Besharati, H., and Motalebifard, R. 2015. Evaluation of the effect of sulfur application and Thiobacillus on some soil chemical characteristics and yield of canola in wheat-canola rotation system. Journal of Water and Soil 29: 1688-1698. (In Persian with English Summary)

Chaghazardi, H.R., Mohammadi, G.R., and Beheshti Al Agha, A. 2013. Evaluation of sulfur and manure effects on corn growth characteristics (Single Cross 704) and acidity of soil. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 11: 162-170. (In Persian with English Summary)

Cottenie, A., 1980. Soil and plant testing as a basis of fertilizer recommendations. FAO Bulletin, No. 82/2.

Dialami, H., and Mohebbi, A.H. 2010. Effect of sulfur application with inoculum of Thiobacillus and animal manure on the amount of leaf nutrients and vegetative growth index of date seedlings bahri variety. Journal of Horticultural Science 24: 189-194. (In Persian with English Summary)

Dini Torkamani, M.R., and Carpetian, J. 2008. An Investigation of physical and chemical characteristics of seed in ten sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) vareities. Iranian Journal of Biology 20: 327-333. (In Persian with English Summary)

El-Fatah, M.S., and Khaled, S.M. 2010. Influence of organic matter and different rates of sulphur and nitrogen on dry matter and mineral composition of wheat plant in new reclaimed sandy soil. Journal of American Science 6: 1078-1084.

Goldani, M., Fand azeli Khaki, S.F. 2014. Evaluation of the effect of chemical and organic fertilizers on growth, yield and yield components of three sesame ecotype (Sesamum indicum L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 12: 127-136. (In Persian with English Summary)

Gnanamorty, P., Xavier, H., and Balasubramaniya, P. 1992. Spacing and nitrogen requirement of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Indian Agronomy Journal 37: 358-359.

Horst, W.J., Abdou, M., and Wiesler, F. 1993. Genotypic differences in phosphorus efficiency of wheat. Plant and Soil 155/156: 293–296.

Jalili, F., Nasrollahzeadh, A., and Valilo, R. 2013. Effect of sulfur and manure on wheat grain yield and Golden wheat protein. Journal of Agricultural Research 5: 71-84. (In Persian with English Summary)

Karimi, F., Bahmanyar, M.A., and Shahabi, M. 2012. Improving the content of oil, protein and some yield components of canola in two calcareous soil, consequence the sulfur and cattle manure application. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 22: 71-84. (In Persian with English Summary)

Khadem, A., Golchin, A., Shafiei, S., and Zaree, E. 2014. Effects of manure and sulfur on nutrients uptake by corn (Zea mays L). Agronomy Journal 103: 2-11.

Koocheki, A. and Khajeh hosseini, M. 2008. Modern Agronomy. Mashhad University Jihad Publications, Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian)

Kuo, S., Ortiz Escobar, M.E., Hue, N.V., and Hummel, R.L. 2004. Composting and compost utilization for agronomic and container crops. Recent Research Development and Environmental Biology. Research Signpost 1:451-513.

Malakouti, M.J., and Homai, M. 2004. Soil fertility in dry region. Tarbiat Moddares Univ. Press, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)

Momen, A., Pazoki, A., and Momayezi, M.R. 2011. Effects of granular sulfur (bentonitic) and compost on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of bam wheat in semnan region. The Quarterly Academic Journal of Crop Physiology 9: 31-47. (In Persian with English Summary)

Mostofi, A. 2008. Investigating Oil Seeds Market and its Products. Available at Web site http://www. agriper.ir/entesharat/gozareshat/gmon. (In Persian)

Naghavi, H., Hajabbasi, M.H., and Afyoni, M. 2005. Effect of cow manure on some physical properties and hydraulic coefficients and transmission in a sandy loam soil in Kerman. Journal of Scientific and Technological Agriculture and Natural Resources 9: 93-102. (In Persian with English Summary)

Nikmehr, S., Akhgar, A.R., Madah Hoseinim, S., and Mozafari, V. 2014. Effect of phosphate solubilizing fluorescent Pseudomonaok and phosphorus fertilizer on growth and nutrient uptake of Sesame. Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable 4: 61-86. (In Persian with English Summary)

Norbakhsh, F., Behdani, M.A., Jamialahmadi, M., and Mahmoodi, S., 2014. Evaluation of the integrated effect of sulfur application with Thiobacillus on yield quality and morphological characteristics of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Journal of Agroecology 6: 51-59. (In Persian with English Summary)

Pasban, F., Hamidreza Balouchi, H., Yadavi, A., Salehi, A., and Attarzadeh, M. 2015. The role of organic and biological fertilizers in qualitative and quantitative yield of soybean (Glycine max L.) cv williams. Agriculture Science and Sustainable Production 25:137-149. (In Persian with English Summary)

Rahimiyan, Z. 2011. Effect of sulfur and Thiobacillus with organic matter on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of rapeseed. The Quarterly Academic Journal of Crop Physiology 3:19-27. (In Persian with English Summary)

Rahman, M.N., Sayem, S.M., Alam, M.K., Islam, M.S., and Mondol, A.T.M.A.I. 2007. Influence of sulphur on nutrient content and uptake by rice and its balance in old brahmaputra floodplain soil. Journal of Soil and Nature 1:5-10.

Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Norozpoor, G., Nabati, G., and Mohammad Abadi, A.A. 2005. Effects of different irrigation intervals and plant density on morphological characteristics, grain and oil yields of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Iranian Crop Research 3: 57-68. (In Persian with English Summary)

Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Mohammad Abadi, A.A., and Moradi, R.A. 2010. Investigating the Effect of chemical and organic fertilizers on performance and yield components of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) planting in different densities. Journal of Agroecology 2: 256-265. (In Persian with English Summary)

Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Sabori, A., Mohammad Abadi, A.A., and Moradi, R.A. 2013. Effect of chemical fertilizers, cows and municipal waste compost on yield, yield components and oil content of three sesame genotypes (Sesamum indicum L.) in Mashhad. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 11: 241-250. (In Persian with English Summary)

Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Amiri, M.B., and Ehyaee, H.R. 2015. Effect of simultaneous application of mycorrhiza with compost, vermicompost and sulfural geranole on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in a low input cropping system. Journal of Agroecology 7: 563-577. (In Persian with English Summary)

Rezvani Moghaddam, P., and Seydi, M. 2015. Effect of organic, biological and chemical fertilizers on the performance of protein, oil and fatty acids Blackcurrant (Nigella sativa L.). Journal of Horticultural Science 29: 119-126. (In Persian with English Summary)

Saboor, M.R., and Shokri, M. 2013. Investigating the effect of different amounts of sulfur and municipal waste compost on soil pH and Absorption of micronutrients in forage corn. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 15: 106-116. (In Persian with English Summary)

Saffari, M., Madadizadeh, M., and Shariatiniya, F. 2011. Study of nutritional effects of nitrogen, boron and sulfur elements on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of safflower seed. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 42: 133-141. (In Persian with English Summary)

Sajadi Nik, R., Yadavi, A., Balouchi, H.R., and Farajee, H. 2011. Effect of chemical (Urea), organic (Vermicompost) and biological (Nitroxin) fertilizers on quantity and quality yield of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Agriculture Science and Sustainable Production 21:87-100. (In Persian with English Summary)

Salimzadeh, S., and Jalili, F. 2013. Effect of sulfur application, vermicompost and Thiobacillus on the performance of sunflower oil. Journal of Agricultural Research 6:29-44. (In Persian with English Summary)

Sieling, K., Brase, T. and Svib, V. 2006. Residual effects of different N fertilizer treatments on growth, N uptake and yield of oilseed rape, wheat and barley. European journal of Agronomy. 25: 40-48.