Evaluation of Ecological and Morphological Traits and Essential Oil Productivity of Mentha longifolia L. in Fars and Khorasan Razavi Provinces

Document Type : Scientific - Research

Authors

1 Department of plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Torbat Heydarieh, Torbat Heydarieh, Iran

2 Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Torbat Heydarieh, Torbat Heydarieh, Iran

Abstract

Introduction[1]
The basis for plant breeding research is genetic variability. In fact, without access to such variety, plant breeders to create and deliver new varieties will not have much success. Mirzaee Nadushan (2001) evaluated different species of mint and its morphologic features. In this study, between different species, a significant difference in terms of characters such as plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, leaf length and width were observed. Horse Mint (Mentha longifolia syn. Mentha sylvestris) is a valuable medicinal and aromatic plant belong to Lamiaceae family. The aim of this study was to identify areas of distribution, determine the ecological and morphological assessment of various climates and yield valuable medicinal oil is such that it provides a basis for investigating the genetic diversity of germplasm.
 
Materials and Methods
 In order to study morphological characteristics of Mentha longifolia in 10 regions of Fars and Khorasan Razavi Province, sampling was done at flowering stage in summer 2015. In order to study morphological diversity of wild landraces in Fars and Khorasan Razavi by referring to reliable sources, including Flora Iranica area distribution and habitats of this plant was found in two Provinces. The study area includes five sites in Fars Province (Sepidan, Bavanat, Fasa, Kovar, Kazeroon) and five regions in Khorasan Razavi Province (Torbat Heydarieh, Mashhad, Nishabur, Kashmar and Chenaran). Given that most of the active ingredients of the plant at the time of flowering is reported, plant samples in full bloom in ten regions in Fars and Khorasan were taken. Some samples were selected from each region and 19 quantitative and qualitative characteristics were determined for each ecotype. For accurate identification and diagnosis of morphological Horse mint herbarium specimens were collected and identified samples was done by qualified personnel. For extract the essential oil by water distillation by Clevenger apparatus according to the Pharmacopoeia Great Britain for three hours were done.
The samples based on all the characteristics of using the SPSS software and Ward methods were grouped. All correlation coefficients of traits in populations that were collected were analyzed by Pierson method using SPSS software. Cluster analysis was performed using JMP software.
 
Results and Discussion
The results showed considerable diversity in terms of morphological characteristics among ecotypes. Most of the side branch was observed in Mashhad and Kashmar populations. Correlation analysis showed significant positive association between some important characteristics. The correlation coefficients showed a positive association between the length of flower and length and width of leaf. Principal components analysis showed that traits like leaf length, width and blade tip were placed in first factor and had the most allotment in describing changes among collected data. Cluster analysis divided the subjects into four distinct groups. Mentha average production efficiency review showed that the highest essential oil yields was in Mashhad sites (1.8) and site of Kashmar (1.8) and the lowest amount of oil from the habitat Chenaran (0.9). Due to the high yields of essentials in samples collected from Mashhad district, it can be considered it is a good place prone to extraction of essential oils among studied areas.
 
Conclusion
The correlation coefficients showed a positive correlation between the length of flower and length and width of leaf. The shortest length of flowering branch inflorescence and the status of being in the seventh factor 46.5% of the change can be justified. The highest essential oil yields in Mashhad (1.8) and site of Kashmar (1.8) and the lowest amount of oil from the habitat Chenaran (0.9) was shown. Finally Mashhad landrace suggested for selection in domestication and cultivation of this plant.
 
Acknowledgment
The study was sponsored by the University of TorbatHeydarieh which thereby is appreciated
 

Keywords


Arnold, M.L. 1997. Natural Hybridization and Evolution. Oxford University Press, New York.
Azadbakht, M. 2008. Categorize of medicinal plants. First press, Cultural Institute Publishing Teymoorzadeh (Tabib), Tehran. (In Persian)
Bernath, J. 1996. Conventional breeding methods and their effectiveness in selection of medicinal and aromatic plants. 1st Int. symposium, Breeding Research on Medicinal and aromatic plants, Quedlinburg, Proceedings. Pp: 154-161.
Bernath, J. 2002. Strategies and recent achievements in selection of medicinal and aromatic plants. Acta Horticalturae 576: 233-238.
British pharmacopoeia. 1993. British Pharmacopoeia Commission, HMSO: London.
Babalar, M., Khoshsokhan, F., Fatahi Moghaddam, M., and Poormeidani, A. 2011. Evaluation of morphological diversity and essential oil productivity of some population Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen. Journal of Horticultural Sciences 44: 119-128.
D’Andrea, L. 2002. Variation of morphology yield and essential oil components in common chamomile (Chamomilla recutita) cultivation grown in southern Italy. Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants 9: 359-359
Davazdahemami, S., and Majnoonhosini, N. 2008. Cultivation and Production of Certain Herbs and Species. Tehran University Press, Tehran, Iran. 300 pp. (In Persian)
Franz, C. 1986. Actual problems on the quality of medicinal and aromatic plants. Acta Horticulturae 188: 21-34.
Ghanbari, M., Souri, M.K., Omidbaigi, R., and Hadavandi Mirzaei, H. 2014. Evaluation of some ecological factors, morphological traits and essential oil productivity of Achillea millefolium L. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 30: 692-701. (In Persian with English Summary)
Habibi, H., Mazaheri, D., Majnoonhoseini, N., Chaeichi, M.R., Tabatabaei, M.F., and Bigdeli, M. 2006. The effect of altitude compounds of medicinal plant (Thymus kotschyanusBoiss) in region Taleghan. Research and Construction in Cultivation and Horticulture 19: 2-10.
Mathe, A. 1986. An ecological approach to medicinal plant introduction. In: Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plant. Oxy Press, Arizona 3: 175-205.
Mirzaie-Nodoushan, H. Rezaie, M., and Jaimand, K. 2001. Path analysis of essential oil-related characters in Mentha spp. Flavor and Fragrance Journal 16: 340-343.
Moghaddam, M., Omidbeygi, R., Salimi, A., and Naghavi, M.R. 2014. Investigation of morphological diversity of native Ocimum spp lots of Iran. Iranian Horticultural Science Journal 44:227-243. (In Persian with English Summary)
Mozaffarian, V.A. 2013. Dictionary of Iranian plant Name. Farhang Moaser Press, Iran. Tehran. (In Persian)
Omidbeaigi, R. 2005.Production and Processing of Medicinal Plants. Behnashr Press. Mashhad, Iran. 347 pp. (In Persian)
Saber Amoli, S., Noroozi, S., Shekarchian, A., Akbarzadeh, M., and Kodoori, M. 2008. Investigation of ecological factors of essential oil of Labiatae species in Kerman province.Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 23: 4. (In Persian with English Summary)
Stanisavljevic, D.M., Dordevic, S., Ristic, M., Velickovic, D., and Randelovic, N.V. 2010. Effects of different drying methods on the compsitial oil from herb Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson 1(1-2): 89-93.
Yavari, A.R., Nazeri, V., Sefidkon F and Hassani, M.E. 2010. Evaluation of some ecological factors, morphological traits and essential oil productivity of Thymus migricus Klokov & Desj. Shost. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 26: 227-238. (In Persian with English Summary)
Zargari, A. 1997. Pharmaceutical plant (Fourth Ed), Tehran University Press, Tehran, Iran. 969. (In Persian)
Zeinali, H., Arzani, A., and Razmjo, K. 2004. Morphological and essential oil content diversity of Iranian mints (Mentha spp). Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transaction 28: 1-9. (In Persian with English Summary)
CAPTCHA Image