Response of growth characters and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to co-inoculation of farmyard manure, Trichoderma spp. and Psudomunas spp.

Document Type : Scientific - Research

Authors

Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Iran

Abstract

In order to investigate the effects of cattle manure, benefit fungi of Trichoderma species and Psudomunas spp. bacteria on seedling emergence parameters, growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) a pot experiment was carried out in factorial (23) arrangement based on a randomized complete design with three replications. The treatments were three levels of cattle manure (10, 20 and 30 t.ha-1), three Trichoderma species (T. viridae, T. harzianum, T. hamatum) and either application or non- application of Psudomunas bacteria. Analysis of data showed that control plants and 10 t.ha-1 cattle manure treatments had significantly effect on emergence percentage and field emergence rate compared to 20 and 30 t.ha-1 cattle manure. In the current experiment, the maximum grain yield was observed in 20 t.ha-1 inoculated with both T. viridae and T. harzianum. Application of 10 and 20 t.ha-1cattle manure markedly increased harvest index and biomass by 39.72 and 19.47%, respectively compared to control treatment (no manure application). Also, T. viridae fugues improved plant biomass compared to T. harzianum. The fungus of T. harzianum enhanced harvest index rather than T. viridae and T. hamatum. Application of Psudomunas bacteria significantly increased plant biomass and harvest index compared to pots without bacteria application. Results showed that colony counts of three Trichoderma species in the soil rhizosphere enhanced when rates of cattle manure application increased. The most of soil microbial population was observed in 30 t.ha-1 level of cattle manure inoculated with T. harzianum (74.68 × 108cfu mg-1 dry soil).

Keywords


1- Abdul baki A. A., and Anderson, J. D. 1973. Vigor determination in soybean by multiple criteria. Crop Science 13: 630-633.
2- Askew, D. J., and Laing, M. D. 1993. An adapted selective medium for the quantitative isolation of Trichoderma species. Plant Pathology 42: 686–690.
3- Arancon, N. Q., Edvard, C. A., Babenko, A., Cannon, J., Glavis, p., and Metzger, J. D. 2008. Influences of vermicomposts, produced by earthworms and microorganisms from cattle manure, food waste and paper waste, on the germination, growth and flowering of Petunias in the greenhouse. Applied Soil Ecology 39: 91-99.
4- Avis, T. J., Grave, V., Antoun, H., Russe, and Tweddell, J. 2008. Multifaceted beneficial effects of rhizosphere microorganisms on plant health and productivity. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 40: 1733-1740.
5- Bennett, A. J., and Whipps, J. M. 2008. Beneficial microorganism survival on seed, roots and in rhizosphere soil following application to seed during drum priming. Biological Control 44: 349–361.
6- Cavalcante, R. S., Lima, H .L. S., Pinto, G. A. S., Gava, C. A. T., and Rodriguez, S. 2008. Effect of moisture on Trichoderma conidia production on corn and wheat bran by solid state fermentation. Micro- Biotechnology 24: 319-325.
7- Chandanie W. A., Kubota, M., and Hyakumachi M. 2009. Interactions between the Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and plant growth-promoting fungi and their significance for enhancing plant growth and suppressing damping-off of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Applied Soil Ecology 1253: 1-6.
8- Haggag, W. M., and Abo-Sedera, S. A. 2005. Characteristics of three Trichoderma species in peanut haulms compost involved in biocontrol of cumin wilt disease. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2: 222–229.
9- Harman, G. 2006. Overview of mechanisms and uses of Trichoderma spp. Phytopathology 96: 190–194.
10- Jayalal, R. G. U., and Adikaram, N. K. B. 2007. Influence of Trichoderma harzianum metabolites on the development of green mould disease in the Oyster Mushroom. Biology Science 36(1): 53-60.
11- Kang, B. R., Yang, K. Y., Cho, B. H., Han, T. H., Kim, I. S., Lee, M. C., Anderson, A. J., and Kim, Y. C. 2006. Production of indole-3-acetic acid in the plant-beneficial strain Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 is negatively regulated by the global sensor kinase GacS. Current Microbiology 52: 473–476.
12- Kucuk, C., Kivanc, M., Kinaci, E., and Kinaci, G. 2007. Efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum (Rifaii) on inhibition of ascochyta blight disease of chickpea. Annals of Microbiology 57: 665-668.
13- Mottaghian, A., Pirdashti, H., Bahmanyar, M. A., Shahsavari A., and Hasanpour, R. 2009. Effect of three Trichoderma species and different amounts of enriched municipal waste compost on growth parameters in spinach (Spinacia oleracea). 5th International Scientific Conference of Iran and Russia on Agricultural Development Problems. Saint Petersburg, Russia. pp. 267-270.
14- Orchard, T. 1977. Estemating the parameters of plant seedling emergence. Seed Science and Technology 5: 61-69.
15- Patten, C. L., and Glick, B. R. 2002. Role of Pseudomonas putida indoleacetic acid in development of the host plant root system. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68: 3795–3801.
16- Rezvan Beidokhti, S., Dashtban, A., Kafi, M., and Sanjani, S. 2009. Evaluating the effect of Pesodomonas bacteria strains on wheat yield and its components at various levels of phosphorus fertilization. Journal of Agroecology 1: 33-40. (In Persian with English Summary).
17- Rohani, H. 2004. Effect of soil condition on variants population and antagonist survivor Trichoderma spp. Journal of Agricultural Science 6: 1305-1316.
18- SAS Institute. 1997. SAS User’s Guide: Statistics, TRersion 6.12 ed. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA. 1162 p.
19- Soltani, H., Zafari, D., and Rohani. A. 2005. A study on biological control of the crown, root and tuber fungal diseases of potato by Trichoderma harzianum invitro and field condition in Hamadan. Journal of Agricultural Water Research 5: 13-25.
20- Tarango Rivero, S. H., Nevarez Moorillon, V. G., and Orrantia Borund, E. 2009. Growth, yield, and nutrient status of pecans fertilized with biosolids and inoculated with rizosphere fungi. Bioresource Technology 100: 1992–1998.
21- Thangavelu, R., Palaniswami, A., and Velazhahan, R. 2004. Mass production of Trichoderma harzianum for managing Fusarium wilt of banana. Agricultural Ecosystems and Environment 103: 259–263.
22- Walker, R., Rossall, S., and Asher, M. J. C. 2004. Comparison of application methods to prolong the survival of potential biocontrol bacteria on stored sugar-beet seed. Journal of Applied Microbiology 97: 293–305.
23- Woo, S. L., Scala, F., Ruocco, M., and Lorito, M. 2006. The molecular biology of the intractions between Trichoderma spp., phytopathogenic fungi, and plants. Phytopathology 96. 181-185.
24- Yasari, E., and Patwardhan, A. M. 2007. Effects of Azetobacter and Azospirillium inoculations and chemical fertilizers on growth and productivity of Canola. Asian Journal of Plant Science 6: 77-82.
25- Yazdani, M., Pirdashti, H., Tajik, M. A., and Bahmanyar, M. A. 2008. Effect of Trichoderma spp. and different organic manures on growth and development in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr). Electronically Journal of Crop Protection 1(3): 65-82. (In Persian with English Summury).
26- Yedidia, I., Srivastava, A. K., Kapulnik, Y., and Chet, I. 2001. Effect of Trichoderma harzianum on microelement concentrations and increased growth of cucumber plants. Plant and Soil 235 (2), 235–242.
27- Zhou, D. M., Hao, X. Z., Wang, Y. J., Dong, Y. H., and Cang, L. 2005. Copper and Zn uptake by radish and pakchoi as affected by application of livestock and poultry manures. Chemosphere 59: 167–175.
CAPTCHA Image