اثر سیستم‌های تغذیه شیمیایی و غیرشیمیایی بر برخی صفات رشدی، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد برنج رقم هاشمی –مطالعه موردی در شهرستان لاهیجان استان گیلان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 1. دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران. Email:alirezanosrati1401@gmail.com

2 3. استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه زراعت، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران

4 2- استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور مقایسه اثر سیستم‌های تغذیه شیمیایی و غیرشیمیایی بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و برخی صفات رشدی در برنج (رقم هاشمی) شهرستان لاهیجان، آزمایش مزرعه‌ای به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دو مکان (مزرعه کشاورز و مزرعه دانشگاه) در سال 1397 اجرا شد. عامل‌های آزمایشی شامل تغذیه در سه سطح (شاهد، شیمیایی، بوم‌شناختی) به عنوان عامل اصلی و نوع ماده آلی (شاهد، کمپوست زباله شهری، بیوچار و آزولا) در چهار سطح به عنوان عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج تجزیه نشان داد بیشترین عملکرد دانه با میانگین 3699 کیلوگرم در هکتار در تیمار مصرف کود شیمیایی و بیوچار و کمترین عملکرد دانه به میزان 2209 کیلوگرم در هکتار (40 درصد کاهش)، در تیمار شاهد (بدون مصرف کود) و بیشترین تعداد خوشه در بوته با میانگین 28 عدد خوشه در بوته در تیمار مصرف کود شیمیایی به همراه بیوچار مشاهده شد. بالاترین ارتفاع بوته در تیمارهای شیمیایی و بوم‌شناختی (استفاده از اردک) با حضور بیوچار به ترتیب 128و 124 سانتی‌متر و کمترین ارتفاع بوته برنج به‌مقدار 108 سانتی‌متر، در تیمار شاهد (بدون مصرف کود) مزرعه دانشگاه مشاهده شد. بیش‌ترین درصد پروتئین دانه در شرایط مصرف کود شیمیایی به همراه بیوچار به‌مقدار 26/8 درصد و کمترین درصد پروتئین به میزان 81/6 درصد، در تیمار شاهد (بدون مصرف کود) به‌دست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of chemical and non-chemical nutrition systems on some growth traits, yield and yield components of Hashemi variety rice - a case study in Lahijan city, Gilan province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Nosrati 1
  • Hamid Reza Doroudian 2
  • sirous bidarigh 2
  • Seyyed Mostafa Sadeghi 3
  • Majid Ashouri 4
1 . PhD student of Agronomy, Lahijan branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran. Email:alirezanosrati1401@gmail.com
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant breeding, Lahijan branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan,Iran. (Corresponding author)
3 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant breeding, Lahijan branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant breeding, Lahijan branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan,Iran (Corresponding author)
چکیده [English]

Application of biochar on yield, yield components and some growth traits of Hashemi variety rice

Introduction

Rice is a staple and valuable grain that is the main source of food for over 50 percent of the world population after wheat (Lopez et al., 2019; Jabran and Chauhan, 2015). Rice production should increase by over 50 percent by 2050, which can be realized by improving its cultivars and applying sound agronomic management practices (Esfahani et al., 2005; Asadi et al., 2016). Nitrogen (N) is a key macroelement that is decisive for plants, but it is deficient in most farms. N fertilizer is applied chemically, organically, and biologically (Moslehi et al., 2015).

Materials and methods

The research was conducted as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at two sites at the experimental farm of Islami Azad University of Lahijan (the village of Tustan) and Kateshal farm in 2018-2019. The study site (Lat. 36°55' N., Long. 45°20' E. (first location) and Lat. 37°21' N., Long. 50°18' E. (second location)) has a temperate and humid climate with a 10-year mean annual precipitation of 1150 mm (Guilan Meteorological Quarterly, 2020). Table 1 presents the meteorological data of the region during the experiment. Before the experiment, the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil at the study site were measured in the laboratory of Water and Soil Department of Rice Research Center. The experimental factors included ecological, chemical fertilizer, and control as the three levels of the first factor and urban waste compost, biochar, Azolla, and control as the four levels of the second factor. Statistical analysis of data, data conversion and drawing of graphs and charts were done using SAS 9.2 and Excel 2010 software. The averages obtained were statistically compared with each other using Tukey's test and at the probability level of 5%.

Results and discussion

The simple effects of the chemical, ecological, and organic nutritional systems were found to be significant (P < 0.01) on grain yield. Based on the comparison of data means for both research farms, the highest grain yield of, on average, 3699 kg/ha was obtained from the treatment of chemical fertilizer and biochar, and the lowest one of 2209 kg/ha (40% lower than its maximum counterpart) from the control (unfertilized) treatment. Among the sub-plots, the biochar treatment was the most effective and the control (unfertilized) was the least effective in this trait. The treatments that were fertilized with chemical N fertilizer produced more panicles per plant than the treatments that weren’t. Among the sub-plots, the highest number of panicles per plant was related to the biochar treatments under no-fertilization, ecological, and chemical conditions, and the lowest number to the control (unfertilized treatment). The plants treated chemically and ecologically in the presence of biochar were the tallest, growing to a height of 127 and 124 cm, respectively, whereas the lowest plant height was 108 cm related to the control (unfertilized plants).

Conclusion

The use of organic fertilizers alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers, in addition to improving the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of rice, has a positive effect on the sustainability of production and preservation of the environment. The results of this research showed that the use of nitrogen fertilizer and biochar, in addition to optimizing the use of fertilizer, increased the yield of rice. It was found that the consumption of biochar caused an increase in traits related to grain yield. The role of biochar was evident in the significant change of the studied traits of Hashemi rice in the main treatments (control, ecological and chemical). Therefore, it is recommended to use biochar along with chemical fertilizer in order to maintain yield, prevent biological pollution and increase soil and rice fertility.

Acknowledgements

The assistance of the esteemed personnel of the Islamic Azad University, Lahijan branch, who helped us in the implementation of this research, is gratefully acknowledged.

Key words: Rice, Nutrition, Organic, Nitrogen

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Organic
  • Nutrition
  • Paddy
  • Nitrogen
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انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 12 آذر 1401
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