پاسخ مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و عملکردی کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa Wild) به محلول‌پاشی برگی متیل جاسمونات و اسید سالیسیلیک در شرایط تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند،بیرجند، ایران

2 گروه پژوهشی زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، پژوهشکده کشاورزی، پژوهشگاه زابل، زابل ایران.

3 گروه پژوهشی گیاه و تنش‌های محیطی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

4 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی ، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

استفاده از برخی مواد شیمیایی با ساختار مشابه ترکیبات طبیعی، یکی از راهکارهای پایدار برای جلوگیری از کاهش عملکرد و پاسخ گیاهان زراعی در شرایط خشکی است. بدین منظور، آزمایشی به‌‌‌صورت کرت­های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار طی سال زراعی 1400-1399 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه زابل اجرا شد. عامل اصلی آبیاری در سه سطح شامل: 1- آبیاری کامل معادل 100 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه (شاهد)، 2- کم آبیاری معادل 75 درصد نیاز آبی (تنش متوسط)، 3-کم آبیاری معادل 50 درصد نیاز آبی (تنش شدید) و عامل فرعی شامل شش سطح محلول­پاشی: 1- شاهد (محلول­پاشی با آب مقطر)، 2- حلال اتانول 70 درصد، 3- اسید سالیسیلیک 5/0 میلی­مولار، 4- متیل جاسمونات 5/0 میلی­مولار، 5- اسید سالیسیلیک یک میلی­مولار و 6- متیل جاسمونات یک میلی­مولار بود. در این تحقیق، صفات ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، وزن خشک خوشه و ریشه، ماده خشک، عملکرد دانه، شاخص برداشت، نشت الکترولیت، هدایت روزنه­ای، فلورسانس کلروفیل و کارایی مصرف آب، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نشت الکترولیت، کارایی مصرف آب و وزن خشک ریشه در تنش شدید خشکی افزایش یافت، درحالی‌که فلورسانس کلروفیل، هدایت روزنه­ای و شاخص برداشت تحت تأثیر قرار نگرفت. محلول­پاشی یک میلی­مولار متیل جاسمونات و اسید سالیسیلیک باعث افزایش فلورسانس کلروفیل (22 درصد)، هدایت روزنه­ای (53 درصد) و شاخص براشت (38 درصد) نسبت به عدم محلول­پاشی شد. کاربرد متیل جاسمونات در شرایط تنش شدید، کارایی مصرف آب کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) را به‌طور قابل توجهی (از 2/0 به 1/1 کیلوگرم در مترمکعب) افزایش داد. دلیل افزایش کارایی مصرف آب تحت تنش شدید خشکی، افزایش عملکرد دانه کینوا بود. اگرچه تنش خشکی باعث کاهش صفات مورفولوژیک و عملکردی شد، ولی کاربرد یک میلی­مولار متیل جاسمونات توانست عملکرد دانه (9/292 گرم در مترمربع) را افزایش دهد و کاهش ایجاد شده توسط تنش خشکی را جبران کند. با توجه به نتایج، کاربرد الیسیتورها (نظیر متیل جاسمونات و اسید سالیسیلیک) در شرایط تنش خشکی، می­تواند در تعدیل اثرات تنش نقش مؤثری داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Morpho-Physiological and Yield Responses of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) to Foliar Application of Methyl Jasmonate and Salicylic Acid under Drought Stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohamad Forouzandeh 1 2
  • Soheil Parsa 3
  • Ali Izanloo 4 3
  • Sohrab Mahmoodi 4 3
1 PhD student in Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.|Research Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Agricultural Research Institute, Zabol Research Institute, Zabol, Iran
2 PhD student in Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.|Research Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Agricultural Research Institute, Zabol Research Institute, Zabol, Iran
3 Department of Plant and Environmental Stress Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran
4 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran|Department of Plant and Environmental Stress Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction
Drought condition is one of the most important abiotic stresses through the world. In the first place, the best way to prevent the reduction of crop yields in drought conditions is to use natural compounds that play a key role in growth, development and response to environmental stresses. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) belongs to the Chenopodiaceae family, a plant with high nutritional value and rich in protein as a future crop. Due to the high resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses, global demand for quinoa is currently increasing and its global production is less than market purpose.
Materials and Methods
This experiment was conducted during 2020-2021 cropping season as split plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at research farm of Zabol University (UOZ), IR. Iran. The main plot factor was irrigation regimes at three levels: 1- Irrigation equal to 100% crop water requirement (control), 2- Deficit irrigation equal to 75% crop water requirement (mild stress), 3- Deficit irrigation equal to 50% crop water requirement (severe stress) and six levels of foliar application were assigned to the sub plot: Control (sprayed with distilled water without ethanol), 70% ethanol, 0.5 mM SA, 0.5 mM MeJA, 1 mM SA and 1 mM MeJA. In this study plant height, stem diameter, panicle dry weight, root dry weight, dry matter, seed yield, harvest index, stomatal conductance, electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll florescence and water use efficiency were measured. Determination of irrigation interval and crop water requirement was based on CROPWAT 8.0 software and Penman-Mantis equation. For plant coefficients used FAO default data. Irrigation planning was determined with 85% efficiency and water volume of each plot calculated using a digital water meter.
Results and Discussion
The results revealed that the irrigation 50% crop water requirement (severe stress), regime increased electrolyte leakage, water use efficiency and root dry weigh, whereas it did not significantly affected Fv/Fm, stomatal conductance and harvest index. The highest plant height with mean 144.02 cm was obtained from 100% crop water requirement and 1 mM SA and the lowest with a reduction 71.5% was obtained at 50% crop water requirement and no spraying conditions. Quinoa had 54.3% higher seed yield than control under drought stress conditions owing to unaffected Fv/Fm and stomatal conductance and less electrolyte leakage. Spraying 1 mM MeJA and SA increased chlorophyll fluorescence (22.4%), stomatal conductance (53.4%) and harvest index (38%). In severe drought stress (supply 50% crop water requirement), foliar application significantly increased the water use efficiency (from 0.2 to 1.1 kg m-3). In severe drought stress, increased quinoa seed yield was due to to increase in water use efficiency. According to the results drought stress decreased physiological and seed yield traits, 1 mM MeJA could increase the seed yield (292.93 g m-2) and then partially compensated for the reduction caused by drought stress. Also, seed yield with mean 281.96 g m-2 was in the second rank at 1 mM MeJA application and 75% crop water requirement (mild stress) conditions. Fv/Fm ratio was not significantly affected in drought stress. The highest harvest index was observed in 1 mM MeJA and SA compared to the control. Therefore, for minimizing the effect of drought stress, we could recommend the use of 1 mM MeJA.
Conclusion
The least stress treatment for quinoa economic yield supply was 100% crop water requirement (control) and 1 mM MeJA application. Also the average seed yield (281.96 g m-2) was at the second rank, in 1 mM MeJA and 75% crop water requirement (mild stress) treatment. It seems that stress tolerance mechanisms study and MeJA foliar application is necessary, especially in areas with less water and we need to develop crops that possible to produce high quantity with require low water in farm.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chlorophyll fluorescence
  • CROP WATT software
  • Drought stress
  • Plant growth regulator
  • Water use efficiency

©2023 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source.

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 27 آبان 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 27 اسفند 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 15 فروردین 1401
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 15 فروردین 1401

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