بررسی روند تغییرات نیتروژن در برگ های کانوپی ذرت (Zea mays L.) تحت تاثیر آرایش‌های کاشت، تراکم بوته و تقسیط نیتروژن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• عبدالرضا بازدار
• مهدی نصیری محلاتی
• محمد تقی ناصری پور یزدی
• علیرضا کوچکی

فردوسی مشهد

10.22067/jag.v1i1.67571

چکیده

چکیده
در این تحقیق، روند توزیع نیتروژن برگ در کانوپی ذرت در طول فصل رشد در آرایش‌های مختلف کاشت و در پاسخ به تراکم و سطوح تقسیط کود نیتروژن مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایش بصورت اسپیلت فاکتوریل با سه تکرار، شامل دو آرایش کاشت یک ردیفه و دو ردیفه به عنوان کرت اصلی، سه سطح تراکم بوتۀ هفت بوته در متر مربع (تراکم مطلوب)، 7/7 بوته در متر مربع (10 درصد بیشتر از تراکم مطلوب) و 4/8 بوته در متر مربع (20 درصد بیشتر از تراکم مطلوب) و همچنین سه سطح تقسیط نیتروژن بصورت 2/1 در زمان کاشت و 2/1 در زمان چهار تا شش برگی، 3/1 در زمان کاشت و 3/1 در زمان چهار تا شش برگی و 3/1 در زمان گلدهی، 2/1 در زمان کاشت و 2/1 در زمان گلدهی به عنوان کرت فرعی (بصورت ترکیبی) بود. در طول فصل رشد، نمونه برداری های منظم سطح برگ و ماده خشک با فاصله هر دو هفته یک بار از 40 روز پس از کاشت انجام شدند. کانوپی ذرت برحسب ارتفاع به چهار لایه مساوی تقسیم و غلظت نیتروژن در واحد سطح برگ برای هر لایه اندازه گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که در طول فصل رشد، تغییرات پروفیل نیتروژن در کانوپی کاملاً متاثر از نحوه تقسیط نیتروژن و تراکم بوته بود. در تیمار توزیع یکسان کود در دو مرحله کاشت و گلدهی و در تراکم 4/8 بوته در متر مربع، پروفیل نیتروژن در طول فصل رشد روند کاهشی داشت. با بازتر شدن کانوپی (تراکم کمتر)، غلظت نیتروژن در واحد سطح برگ در دو لایه پایینی از یک روند کاهشی و در دو لایه بالایی از یک روند افزایشی برخوردار بود. بررسی اثر متقابل سه گانه آرایش کاشت، تراکم بوته و تقسیط کود نیتروژن بر کارایی مصرف نیتروژن و عملکرد ماده خشک ذرت نشان داد که بیشترین کارایی مصرف نیتروژن و عملکرد ماده خشک در تیمارهای آرایش کاشت یک ردیفه – تراکم هفت و 7/7 بوته در متر مربع مشاهده شد. در تیمارهای آرایش کاشت یک ردیفه - تراکم 4/8 بوته در متر مربع و آرایش کاشت دو ردیفه - تراکم هفت بوته در متر مربع، تقسیط کود نیتروژن بصورت 2/1 در زمان کاشت و 2/1 در زمان گلدهی در مقایسه با دو سطح دیگر تقسیط نیتروژن سبب کاهش کارایی مصرف نیتروژن گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• کلمات کلیدی: تراکم بوته
• توزیع نیتروژن
• ذرت و نیتروژن ویژه برگ

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عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of nitrogen changes in canopy leaves of corn under the influence of planting patterns, plant density and nitrogen split

نویسندگان [English]

• Abdol reza Bazdar
• Mehdi Nasiri Mahalati
• Mohamad Taghi Naseri poryazdi
• Alireza Kocheeki

Ferdowsi university of Mashhad

چکیده [English]

Abstract
In this research, the distribution process of leaf nitrogen in corn canopy during the growing season was investigated under the influence of planting patterns, plant density and nitrogen split. The experiment was split factorial with three replications, including two planting patterns of single-row and double-row as a main plot, three levels of plant density of seven plants per square meter (favorable density), 7.7 plants per square meter (10 percent higher than the optimum density) and 8.4 plants per square meter (20 percent higher than the optimum density) and three levels of nitrogen splitting that were 1.2 at planting time + 1.2 at the time of four to six leaves, 1.3 at planting time + 1.3 at the time of four to six leaves + 1.3 at flowering time and 1.2 at planting time + 1.2 at flowering time as a sub plot (by combined). In growing season, regular sampling of leaf area and dry matter were taken at intervals of every two weeks from 40 days after planting. Corn canopy was divided into four equal layers in terms of and nitrogen concentration per leaf area unit was measured for each layer. The results showed that during the growing season, changes of nitrogen profile in the canopy were strongly influenced by the distribution of nitrogen and plant density. Nitrogen profile has down process in treatment of the same fertilization in two stages of planting and flowering and in a density of 8.4 plants per square meter, during the growing season. With opening of canopy (less density), nitrogen concentration per leaf area unit has a decreasing process in the two lower layers and has an increasing process in the two upper layers. Investigating the triplet interaction of planting pattern, plant density and nitrogen fertilizer splitting on nitrogen use efficiency and dry matter yield of corn showed that the highest nitrogen use efficiency and dry matter yield were observed in single-row planting pattern - plant density 7 and 7.7 plants per square meter. In treatments of single-row planting pattern - plant density of 8.4 plants per square meter and double-row planting pattern - plant density of 7 plants per square meter, splitting of nitrogen fertilizer as1.2 at planting time + 1.2 at flowering time reduced nitrogen use efficiency compared to other two levels of nitrogen splitting.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Keywords: corn
• nitrogen distribution
• plant density and Specific Leaf Nitrogen

مراجع

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