ارزیابی جذب و کارایی مصرف نور در کشت مخلوط سری های جایگزینی نخود (Cicer arietinum L.) و کنجد (Sesamum indicum L.)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• فرزاد حسین پناهی
• فرزین پورامیر
• علیرضا کوچکی
• مهدی نصیری محلاتی
• رضا قربانی

گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

10.22067/jag.v3i1.9976

چکیده

این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی جذب و کارایی مصرف نور در کشت مخلوط سری های جایگزینی نخود (Cicer arietinum L.) و کنجد (Sesamum indicum L.) انجام گرفت. آزمایش در قالب طرح کرت های خرد شده بر پایة بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد که دارای دو عامل بود. عامل اول (روش کاشت) در دو سطح ردیفی و درهم در کرت های اصلی و عامل دوم (الگوی کاشت جایگزینی) در پنج سطح b1 (تک کشتی نخود)، b2 (75% نخود +25% کنجد)، b3 (50% نخود +50% کنجد)، b4 (25% نخود +75% کنجد)، b5 (تک کشتی کنجد) در کرت های فرعی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که کارایی مصرف نور کنجد در اغلب تیمارها بیشتر از نخود بود. مقادیر کارایی مصرف نور کنجد در طول فصل رشد از 33/1 تا 07/2 گرم بر مگاژول تشعشعات فعال فتوسنتزی (PAR ) در روش کشت ردیفی، و از 27/1 تا 66/1 گرم بر مگاژول PAR در روش کشت درهم متغیر بود. همچنین مقادیر کارایی مصرف نور نخود در طول فصل رشد از 86/0 تا 14/1 گرم بر مگاژول PAR در روش کشت ردیفی و از 48/0 تا 99/0 گرم بر مگاژول PAR در روش کشت درهم متغیر بود. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که کارایی مصرف نور کنجد و نخود در تمام تیمارهای مخلوط نسبت به تک کشتی افزایش پیدا کرد. به طور کلی، مقادیر کارایی مصرف نور هر دو گیاه چه در شرایط تک کشتی و چه در شرایط مخلوط، در روش کشت ردیفی بالاتر از روش کشت درهم بود. بر این اساس بهترین تیمار قابل توصیه برای کشت مخلوط کنجد و نخود تیمار 75% نخود و 25% کنجد به شکل ردیفی می باشد که در آن میزان کارایی مصرف نور نخود در بالاترین حد ممکن (14/1 گرم بر مگاژول) بوده و کارایی مصرف نور کنجد نیز در این تیمار بیشتر از مقدار تک کشتی شده است (89/1 گرم بر مگاژول در این تیمار نسبت به 84/1 در تک کشتی). نتایج جذب نور نیز نشان داد که در تیمارهای مخلوط ردیفی میزان جذب نور به طور میانگین 36 درصد بالاتر از تک کشتی کنجد بود اما با تک کشتی نخود اختلاف چندانی نداشت. میزان جذب نور در روش کشت درهم بین 20 تا 25 درصد کمتر از روش کشت ردیفی بود. به علاوه در این روش کشت اختلاف جذب نور در تیمارهای مخلوط با تیمارهای تک کشتی به اندازه روش کشت ردیفی نبود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• تشعشع فعال فتوسنتزی
• سایه اندازی
• کشت مخلوط درهم
• کشت مخلوط ردیفی

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عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of radiation absorption and use efficiency in replacement series intercropping of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

نویسندگان [English]

• Farzad Hossein \anahi
• Farzin Pouramir
• Alireza Koocheki
• Mehdi Nassiri Mahallati
• Reza Ghorbani

Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran

چکیده [English]

The present study was carried out to evaluate radiation absorption and use efficiency (RUE) in replacement series intercropping of chickpea and sesame. The Experiment included main factor A (planting methods) with two levels a1 (row planting) and a2 (mixed planting) and factor B (replacement planting pattern) consisting of five levels b1 (chickpea monoculture), b2 (75% chickpea+25% sesame), b3 (50% chickpea+50% sesame), b4 (25% chickpea+75% sesame) and b5 (sesame monoculture). The experiment was arranged in a split plots based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Results showed that sesame RUE was higher than chickpea RUE in all treatments. The amount of sesame RUE varied from 1.33 up to 2.07 g.MJ-1 PAR and from 1.27 up to 1.66 g.MJ-1 PAR in row planting and mixed planting, respectively. RUE chickpea, also varied from 0.86 up to 1.14 g.MJ-1 PAR and from 0.48 up to 0.99 g.MJ-1 PAR in row planting and mixed planting, respectively. The results also showed that sesame and chickpea RUE of intercropping treatments was higher than monocrop. In general, the amount of RUE of both crops in row planting was higher than mixed planting either in intercrop or monocrop treatments. On the basis of these results the best recommendable treatment for intercropping is 75% chickpea+25% sesame based on row planting. The chickpea RUE of this treatment was highest level (1.14 g.MJ-1) among the other treatments and the sesame RUE of this treatment was higher than sesame monocrop RUE. The results of radiation absorption showed that in row intercropping treatments the amount of radiation absorption was higher than sesame monocrop but had not significant differences with chickpea monocrop. The amount of radiation absorption of mixed planting was lower than row planting. Furthermore, the differences between radiation absorption of mixed intercropping treatments and monocrop were not equal to the differences between radiation absorption of row intercropping treatments and monocrop.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Mixed intercropping
• Photosynthetic active radiation
• Row intercropping
• Shading

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