بررسی اثر مصرف تلفیقی کودهای دامی، بیولوژیک و شیمیایی بر تولید کلزا (Brassica napus L.) در شرایط خاک شور استان قم

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

کلزا (Brassica napus L.) یکی از مهمترین محصولات زراعی برای تهیه روغن خوراکی در سطح جهان می باشد. به منظور بررسی اثرات سیستم کوددهی تلفیقی (شیمیایی، دامی و بیولوژیک)، بر عملکرد و جذب عناصر غذایی کلزا، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی، در منطقۀ قم انجام پذیرفت. تیمارها شامل :1- شاهد P%100(P 100 %)، 2- P%75B1(P 75% + کود بیولوژیک بارور )، 3- P%75B2 ( P75% + کود بیولوژیک نیتروکسین)، 4- P%75M (P 75% + کود دامی)، 5- P%75B1M (P 75% + کود دامی + کود بیولوژیک بارور2)، 6- P%75B2M (P 75% + کود دامی + کود بیولوژیک نیتروکسین)، 7 -P%100 B1 (P 100% + کود بیولوژیک بارور) و 8 -P%125 B2 (P 125% + کود بیولوژیک نیتروکسین) بودند که در مزرعه ای با خاک و آب شور انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد در تیمارهای حاوی کود دامی حاصل گردید. در این تیمارها، کود دامی با کاهش اثرات سمی سدیم و کلر، باعث افزایش جذب فسفر و نیتروژن و در نتیجه عملکرد شد. عملکرد در تیمارهای P%75B1 و P%75B2مشابه شاهد بود که نشان دهنده تأثیر مثبت ولی کم کودهای بیولوژیک در بهبود فسفر قابل دسترس می باشد. در تیمار 125% فسفر شیمیایی + نیتروکسین (P%125B2) عملکرد پایین تر از شاهد بود. با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده به نظر می رسد که در درجه اوّل مصرف تلفیقی کودهای دامی وشیمیایی و در مرتبۀ دوّم مصرف تلفیقی کودهای بیولوژیک و شیمیایی می توانند به عنوان یک راه مؤثرجهت بهبود جذب عناصر پُر مصرف در شرایط خاک شور پیشنهاد گردند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

of integrated application of farmyard manure, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and chemical fertilizers on production of canola (Brassica napus L.) in saline soil of Qum

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Sabahi
  • Jafar Takafooyan
  • AbdolMajid Mahdavi Damghani
  • Hooman Liyaghati
Research Institute of Environmental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Canola (Brassica napus L.) is one of the most important oil seed crops. In order to evaluate the effects of integrated fertilization (chemical, manure and biofertilizers) on canola (B. napus variety Hyola 401) yield and uptake of mineral nutrients in saline soil and water, a field experiment was conducted in randomized complete blocks (RCBD) arrangement with eight treatments in three replications in Qum Province, Iran. Treatments were: (1) Control, P%100 (Phosphorus %100), (2) P%75B1 (Phosphorus %75+ Barvar biofertilizer), (3) P%75B2 (Phosphorus %75+ Nitroxin biofertilizer), (4) P%75M (Phosphorus %75+ farmyard manure), (5) P%75B1M (Phosphorus %75+ Barvar + Farmyard manure), (6) P%75B2M (Phosphorus %75+ Nitroxin+ Farmyard manure), (7) P%100B1 (Phosphorus %100 + Barvar) and (8) P%125B2 (Phosphorus %125+ Nitroxin). The results showed that the highest yield was obtained from P%75B1M. Difference between integrated fertilization of farmyard manure and other treatments was significant. Farmyard manure increased canola yield which was attributed to increase in availability of mineral nutrients, decreasing effects of salinity and toxic ions. Integrated application of 5 t. ha-1 of farmyard manure and %75 recommended chemical P increased yield and decreased fertilizer consumption. The results revealed that integrated applications of farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer and after that integrated use of bio- and chemical fertilizer are the best strategies to increase nutrient availability and improving canola yield in saline soil.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nitrogen
  • Nitroxin
  • Phosphorus
  • Toxicity of Cl
  • Toxicity of Na
1- Acharya, C.L., Bioshoni, S.K., and Yadavanshi. H.S. 1988. Effect of long term application of fertilizers and organic manure and inorganic amendments under continuous cropping on soil physical and chemical properties in an Alfisol. Indian Journal of Agricultureal Science 58: 509-516.
2- Ardekani, M.R., Mazaheri, D., and Nourmohammadi, G. 2002. Effects of integrated apply Azospirillum, mycorhiza and streptomises on yield of wheat. Journal of Agriculture Sience 7: 1-15. (In Persian with English Summary)
3- Defreitas, J. R., Banerjee, M. R., and Germida, J. J. 1997. Phosphate solubilizing rhizobacteria enhance the growth and yield but not the phosphorus uptake of canola. Biological Fertlity of Soils 24: 358-364.
4- Ehyaee, M.A., and Behbahanizadeh, A. 1993. Ways of the Soil Chemical Analysis. Soil and Water Research Institute. (In Persian).
5- Hamidi, A., Ghalavand, A., Dehghanshoar, M., Malakouti, M.J., Asgharzadeh, A., and Chukan, R. 2006. The effects of application of plant growth promoting rhizibacteria (PGPR) on yield of fodder maize (Zea mays L.). Pajouhesh v Sazandegi 70: 16-22. (In Persian with English Summary)
6- Kiss, S., Stefanic, G., and Dragan-Bularda, M. 1974. Soil Enzymeology in Romania. II. Contrib. Bot. Cluj., 197-207.
7- Kloepper, J.W., Schroth, M.N, and Miller, T.D. 1980. Effects of rhizosphere colonization by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on potato plant development and yield. Phytopathology 70: 1078-1082.
8- Kohler, J., Caravaca, F., and Antonio, R. 2009. An AM fungus and a PGPR intensify the adverse effects of salinity on the stability of rhizosphere soil aggregates of Lactuca sativa. Soil Biology and Biochemistry15:1-6.
9- Malakouti, M.J. 1996. Sustainable agriculture and increase yield with improve recommendation fertilizers consumption in Iran. Nashr Amoozesh Karaj. (In Persian)
10- Marschner, H. 1995. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. Academic Press, London. UK. 889 pp.
11- Nanda, S., Swain, S., Panda, K.C., Mohanty, S.C., and Alim, M. A. 1995. Effect of nitrogen and biofertilizers in fodder rainfed upland conditions of Orisa. Current Agricultural Research 8: 45-47.
12- Orhan, E., Esitken, A., Ercisli, S., Turan, M., and Sahin, F. 2006. Effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield, growth and nutrient contents in organically growing raspberry. Scientia Horticulturae 111: 38-43.
13- Qadir, M., Ghafoor, A., and Murtaza, G. 2001. Use of saline-sodic waters through phytoremediation of calcareous saline-sodic soils. Agriculture and Water Management 50: 197-210.
14- Reddy, D.D., Subba, A., Sammi Reddy, K., and Takkar, P.N. 1999. Yield sustainability and phosphorus utilization in soybean-wheat system on Vertisols in response to integrated use of manure and fertilizer phosphorus. Field Crops Research 62: 181-190.
15- Rivera-Cruz, M.C., Narcia, A.T., Ballona, G.C., Kohler, J., Caravaca, F., and Roldan, A. 2008. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 40: 3092-3095.
16- Sajedi, N., and Ardekani, M.R. 2008. Effect of different amount the fertilizer N, Zn and Fe on individuals physiologic (Zea mays L.) in markazi province. Iranian Field Crops Research 6: 12-18.(In persion)
17- SAS Institute. 2000. SAS User’s Guide. SAS Inst., Cary, NC.
18- Siddiqui, Z. A. 2004. Effects of plant growth promoting bacteria and composed organic fertilizers on the reproduction of Meloidogyne incognita and tomato growth. Bioresource Technology 95: 223-227.
19- Walker, D.J., and Bernal, M. P. 2004. Plant mineral nutrition and growth in a saline Mediterranean soil amended with organic wastes. Communication in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 35: 2495-2514.
20- Walker, D.J., and Pilar Bernal, M. 2008. The effects of olive mill waste compost and poultry manure on the availability and plant uptake of nutrients in a highly saline soil. Bioresource Technology 99: 396-403.
21- Yermiyahu, U., Keren, R., and Chen, Y. 2001. Effect of composted organic matter on boron uptake by plants. Soil Science Society of American Journal 65: 1436-1441.
CAPTCHA Image