اثر جمعیت‌های مختلف باکتریایی و قارچی بر روی آزادسازی پتاسیم خاک

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

استادیار پژوهشی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان

چکیده

پتاسیم یکی از عناصر ضروری و پر مصرف برای گیاهان است. میکرو ارگانیزم‌های مختلف شامل برخی باکتری ها، قارچ ها، مخمرها، جلبک‌ها و نیز گلسنگ‌ها قادرند کانی‌های سیلیکاتی موجود در خاک را تجزیه کرده و عناصری چون پتاسیم، فسفر، آهن، روی و سیلیسیم را آزاد کنند که در این میان باکتری‌ها از اهمیت بیشتری برخوردارند. تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر جمعیت‌های میکروبی بر آزادسازی پتاسیم انجام شد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی شامل 2 فاکتور با 3 تکرار انجام گرفت. به این منظور 12 تیمار شامل ترکیبات مختلف دو جنس باکتری (Azospirillum lipoferum و Azotobacter chrococoum) و دو جنس قارچ ( Asperigilus nigerو Trichoderma hazarum) به خاک تلقیح شد و در طی 4 زمان مختلف ( 0، 10، 20 و 30 روز) عصاره گیری پتاسیم با استات آمونیوم انجام گردید. نتایج نشان داد، تأثیر تلقیح خاک با باکتری و تیمار باکتری و قارچ در آزادسازی پتاسیم بیشترین مقدار بود به طوری که تیمار Azotobacter chrococoum)) ،B1 توانست حدود 6 درصد از پتاس خاک را به فرم قابل جذب گیاه تبدیل کند و با گذشت زمان میزان آزادسازی افزایش یافت، به طوری که در زمان 30 روز پس از تلقیح در تمامی تیمارها بیشترین میزان پتاس آزاد شد. بدین ترتیب کود بیولوژیک پتاسیمی می‌تواند جایگزین مناسبی برای کودهای شیمیایی باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of different bacterial and fungal populations on release of soil potassium

نویسندگان [English]

  • Akram Farshadirad
  • Esmaiel Dordipour
  • Mohammad Hossein Arzanesh
چکیده [English]

Potassium is an essential plant macronutrient. Various microorganisms including bacteria and fungi, algae, yeast and mosses are able to decompose silicate minerals and to dissolve nutrient such as K, Fe, Zn and Si. Aamong them bacteria are more important. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of microbial populations for releasing soil potassium. This study was carried out as a factorial experiment in completely randomized design including two factors, with three replications. To do so, 12 treatments including full combination of two bacterial geniuses (Azospirillum lipoferum and Azotobacter chrococoum) and two fungal geniuses (Asperigilus niger and Trichoderma hazarum) were inoculated into soil and the potassium was extracted by NH4oAc over four different times (0, 10, 20 and 30 days). Results indicated that the quantity of K released by soil inoculation with bacteria and bacteria plus fungi treatments, so that the treatment B1 (Azotobacter chrococoum) could covert about 6% of the soil potassium to available form by plants and released potassium content increased with elapsing of time. In all treatments, the most quantity of potassium was released 30 days after inoculation. Thus the biological potassium fertilizers can be a good substitute for chemical fertilizers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Potassium
  • Bacteria
  • Fungi
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