The Effects of Wind Stress on the Quantitative Features of Hibiscus under Different Levels of Chemical and Biological Fertilizers (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

Mohammadzade, Malihe; Fakheri, Baratali; Mahainejad, Nafise; Mohammadpour, Roghye

doi:10.22067/jag.v10i4.60388

The Effects of Wind Stress on the Quantitative Features of Hibiscus under Different Levels of Chemical and Biological Fertilizers (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

Document Type : Scientific - Research

Authors

¹ Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran

² Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran

³ Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran

10.22067/jag.v10i4.60388

Abstract

Introduction
Hibiscus, an annual and twigged plant, One hundred and twenty-day winds, is a regional phenomenon which blows with variable speeds, in four warm months of the year (June, July, August, September), in a part of the south-west of Iran. The most important factor that affects the sustainability of the food production and maintaining the soil fertility, is the use of the integrated feeding systems and also the use of the biological fertilizers in the nutritional system.
Materials and Methods
According to the emphasis of sustainable agriculture, increasing the quality and the sustainability of performance, medicinal plants, are considered as a good option for such systems. This research was conducted with the purpose of investigating the effects of wind stress on the Hibiscus quantitative features under the treatments of biological and chemical fertilizers. In growing season of 2014-2015, to evaluate the effects of wind stress on the characteristics of growth, performance and the performance components of Hibiscus leaflet under the treatments of chemical and biological fertilizers, a triplicate experiment, in the form of split plots in a randomized complete block design, was done in the Zabol University research farm. The main factors of wind stress were in three levels of severe wind stress, gentle wind stress and without wind stress and the minor factors including chemical fertilizers were in three levels of phosphorus, nitrogen and NPK. And, the minor factors including biological fertilizers, were in six levels of nitroxin, supernitro plus, super bio phosphate, bio phosphate, humic acid and bio sulfur. At the end of the investigation process of ten bushes which were chosen randomly from each plot after excluding the marginal effects, the following issues were measured:
The features of the number of branches in each bush, wet and dry weight of aerial organs (grams per bush), the bush height (cm), the number of bolls per bush, the boll wet weight, the wet and dry weight of leaflet (grams per bush), chlorophyll fluorescence and the weight of one thousand seeds (grams per bush). Means comparison was done with the probability level of %5 by Duncan’s multiple range test. The statistical analysis of the research results was done by using the SAS (SAS Institute, 2013, Cary, NC) software
Results and Discussion
In this study, it was observed that the severe wind stress cause the reduction of Hibiscus quantitative traits. Of course (However), the integrated effects of chemical and biological fertilizers under the effects of wind stress have improved these characteristics. The following issues were obtained in order: Improving the plant height feature in a treatment without stress, nitrogen chemical fertilizers, biological fertilizers, bio-sulfur, the number of side branches in a without-stress treatment, chemical fertilizers under the treatment of bio-sulfur and humic acid biological fertilizers and so on. The number of bolls in each bush, the bolls wet weight, the leaflet wet and dry weight and the leaflet performance in the chemical fertilizers treatments, NPK plus biological fertilizers in compare with the NPK chemical fertilizers treatment and not using the biological fertilizers, all originated from the positive effects of biological fertilizers on these traits. The biological fertilizers provides inaccessible mineral elements and also the organic compounds for the plant and cause the increase of the plant growth Akhtar and Siddiqui (2009).
Conclusions
The results of this research showed that the effects of wind stress treatments and chemical and biological fertilizers and the interactions between the chemical and biological fertilizers and the investigated traits, were meaningful.
This research showed that, the severe wind stress, cause the reduction of the quantitative traits of Hibiscus. However, the effects of combining the chemical and biological fertilizers under the wind stress, cause the increase of these traits and this matter has a positive effect on the production sustainability and environmental protection and according to the medicinal plants necessity in farming systems, it seems that the biological fertilizers are a good alternative for the chemical fertilizers

Keywords

20.1001.1.20087713.1397.10.4.10.4

References

Abo-Baker, A., and Gehan, G.M. 2011. Effect of bio-and chemical fertilizers on growth, sepals yield and chemical composition of Hibiscus sabdariffa at new reclaimed soil of South. Asian Journal of Crop Science 3(1): 16-25.

Adediran, J.A., Taiwo, L.B., Akande, M.O., Sobulo, R.A., and Idowu, O.J. 2004. Application of organic and inorganic fertilizer for sustainable maize and cowpea yields in Nigeria. Journal of Plant Nutrition 27: 1163-1181.

Akhtar, M.S., and Siddiqui, Z.A 2009. Effect of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms and Rhizobium sp. On the growth, nodulation, yield and root- rot disease complex of chickpea under field condition. African Journal of Biotechnology 8(15): 3489-3496.

Arazeinya, A., Enmtehani, M.H., Ekhtesasi, M.R., and Sodaeiyzadeh, C. 2013. The effect of tamarisk wind break on soil salinityof agricultural landsin dry areas. Research Abkhyzday 99: 59-53.

Asghar, H.N., Zahir, Z.A., Arshad, M., and Khaliq, A. 2002. Relationship between in vitro production of auxins by rhizobacteria and their growth promoting activities in Brassica juncea L., Journal of Biology and Fertility of Soils 35: 231-237.

Astaraei, A., and Koocheki, A. 1997. Using of Biological Fertilizers in Sustainable Agriculture. Jihad Daneshghahi Publisher, Mashhad, Iran 168 pp. (In Persian)

Balak, R., Misra, P.N., Sharma, N.L., and Nagari, A.A. 1999. Effects of different levels of sodicity and fertility on the performance of German chamomile under subtropical conditions oil content and composition of essential oil. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Science 21: 969-971.

Cary, N.C., and Sharma, A.K. 2002. Biofertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture. Agrobios, India. 407 pp.

Chewonarin, T., Kinouchi, T., Kataoka, K., Arimachi, H., Kuwahara, T., Initkekumnuen, U., and Ohnishi, Y. 1999. Effects of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn), a Thai medicinal plant, on the mutagenicity of various known mutagens in Salmonella typhimurium and on formation of Aberrant Crypt Foci induced by the colon carcinogens Azoxymethane and 2-Amino- 1Methyl-6-phenylimidazo (4,5-b) pyridine in F344 rats. Food Chemical and Toxicology 37: 591-601.

Crook, M.J., and Ennos, A.R. 1996. Mechanical differences between free-standing and supported wheat plants, Triticum aestivum L. Annals of Botany 77(3): 197–202.

Dolatyari, A. 2009. Wind influence on the culture and art of the people of Sistan, Iran's, 32. 129-143.

Duke, J.A. 1983. Handbook of Energy Crops. Unpublished (Avalable online: https://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/dukeindex.html).

El-Gizawy, N.K.B., and Mehasen, S.A.S. 2009. Response of Faba bean to bio, mineral phosphorus fertilizers and foliar application with zinc. World Applied Sciences Journal 6(10): 1359-1365.

Faraji, M., and Tarkhani, A. 1999.The effect of sour tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) on essential hypertension. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 65: 231-236.

Gupta, M.L., Prasad, A., Ram, M., and Kumar, S. 2002. Effect of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus Glomus fasiculatum on the essential oil yield related characters and nutrient acquisition in the crops of different cultivars of menthol mint (Mentha arvensis) under field conditions. Bioresource Technology 81(1): 77-79.

Gutierrez-Manero, F.J., Ramos-Solano, B., Probanza, A., Mehouachi, J., Tadeo, F.R., and Talon, M. 2001. The plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus licheniformis produce highamounts of physiologically active gibberellins. Physiologia Plantarum 111: 206– 211.

Han, H.S., and Lee, K.D. 2006. Effect of inoculation with phosphate and potassium co-in solubilizing bacteria on mineral uptake and growth of pepper and cucumber. Plant, Soil and Environment 52: 130-136.

Hasani, and Sink, C. 2012. The ability of different tree species to reduce wind mechanical stress in dry areas. Agronomy Journal 3(6): 77-65.

Hassan, F.A.S. 2009. Response of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. plant to some biofertilization treatments. Annals of Agricultural Science 54: 437-446.

Kader, M.A. 2002. Effects of Azotobacter inoculant on the yield and nitrogen uptake by wheat. Journal of Biological Sciences 2: 259-261.

Kapoor, R., Chaudhary, V., and Bhatnagar, A.K. 2007. Effects of arbuscular mycorhiza and phosphorus application on artemisinin concentration in Artemisia annua L. Mycoriza 17: 581-587.

Kapoor, R., Giri, B., and Mukerji, K.G. 2002. Mycorrhization of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) to enhance the concentration and quality of essential oil. Jornal of Science Food and Agriculture 82(4): 339-342.

Kapoor, R., Giri, B., and Mukerji, K.G. 2004. Improved growth and essential oil yield and quality in Foeniculum vulgare Mill. on mycorrhizal inoculation supplemented with P-fertilizer. Bioresource Technology 93: 307-311.

Karthikeyan, B., Jaleel, C.A., Changxing, Z., Joe, M.M., Srimannarayan, J., and Deiveekasundaram, M. 2008. The effect of AM fungi and phosphorous level on the biomass yield and ajmalicine production in Catharanthus roseus. EurAsian Journal of Biological Science 2: 26-33.

Mahfouz, S.A., and Sharaf-Eldin, M.A. 2007.Effect of mineral vs. biofertilizer on growth, yield, and essential oil content of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). International Agrophysics 21: 361-366.

Masoudian, S.A. 2014. Journal of Applied Meteorological wind One hundred and twenty days Sistan-day 1: Ss46-37.

Mohammadpoor, R., Qanbari, A., and Fakheri, B. 2015. Asrlittle hibiscus affected chimical. M.Sc. Thesis College of Agriculture. University of Zabol .Iran. Zabol. (In Persian with English Summary)

Morton, J.F. 1987. Florida Flair Books, Miami, USA. Roselle. Pp. 281-286, In: Fruit of Warm Climates.

Olivera, M., Iribane C., and Liuck, C. 2002. Effect of phosphorus on nodulacion and N2 phixation by bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Proceedings of the 15th International Meeting on Microbia Phosphate Solubilization.16- 19 July, Salamanca, Spain.

Oyewole, C.I., and Mera, M. 2010. Response of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) to rates of inorganic and farmyard fertilizers in the Sudan savanna ecological zone of Nigeria. African Journal of Agricultural Research 5: 2305-2309.

Perry, L.M. 1980. Medicinal Plants of East and Soth East Asia. MIT Press. Cambridge. Pp: 195-200.

Rademacher, W. 1994. Gibberellin formation in microorganisms. Plant Growth Regulation 15: 303–305.

Rhoden, E.G., David, P., and Small, T. 1993. Effect of nitrogen nutrition on Roselle. New crops. Janick, J. and Simon, JE (eds.), Wiley, New York, pp.583-584.

Sanchez, G.E., Carballo, G.C., and Romos, G.S.R. 2008. Influence of organic manures and biofertilizers on the quality of two Plantaginaceae: Plantago major L. and P. lanceolota L. Revista cubana de plants. Medicinales 13: 12-15.

SAS Institute. 2013. The SAS system for Windows. Release 9.2. SAS Institute.

Torabi, A. 2003. Effect of planting data and row spacing on the yield of Sour tea. MSC thesis. Azad University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)

Youssef, A.A., Edris, A.E., and Gomaa, A.M. 2004. A comparative study between some plant growth regulators and certain growth hormones producing microorganisms on growth and essential oil composition of Salvia officinalis L. Plant Annals of Agricultural Science 49: 299-311.

Zahir, A.Z., Arshad, M., and Frankenberger, W.F. 2004. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Advanced in Agronomy 81: 97-168.