Effect of primary tillage method and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) crop residual management on the soil and silage corn (Zea mays L.) characteristics

Document Type : Scientific - Research

Authors

• F. Ghooshchi
• A. Jourabloo
• M. Silsepour
• H. Hadi

10.22067/jag.v2i3.7657

Abstract

The main object of this study was to evaluate the effect of tillage and crop residues management of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) on quantification and qualification yield of corn (Zea mays L.). Treatments were laid out in complete randomized block design with seven treatments and three replications and include (1) fire of straw and stubble, plow, disc and furrower (2) gathering and transfer of straw and stubble out of farm, plow, disc and furrower, (3) Plow, disc and furrower (4) Stalk shredder, plow, disc and furrower, (5) Stalk shredder, plow, disc, 50 kg.ha-1 urea and furrower (6) Stalk shredder, plow, disc, 100 kg.ha-1 urea and furrower, (7) Stalk shredder, plow, disc, 50 kg.ha-1 urea, 10 t.ha-1 animal manure and furrower. The results showed that treatments had significant effect on nitrogen, potassium, phosphorous and protein of leaf, diameter and height of stem, ear yield, stem yield, leaf yield, total yield of corn, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorous, bulk density and of soil, wilting point, field capacity, available water. Maximum amount of nitrogen (2.57%) and phosphorous (0.32%) of leaf obtained from treatment of seven (Stalk shredder, plow, disc, 50 kg.ha-1 urea, 10 t.ha-1 animal manure and furrower) and the highest amount of potassium of leaf equal 1.72% obtained from treatment of seven (Stalk shredder, plow, disc, 50 kg.ha-1 urea, 10 t.ha-1 animal manure and furrower) and treatment of six (Stalk shredder, plow, disc, 100 kg.ha-1 urea and furrower) with amount of equal 1.60%. Maximum total yield of corn equal 47.65 t.ha-1 obtained from treatment seven that laid at same group with treatment of six with yield of 46.16 t.ha-1 and had no significant difference together. Therefore, the best method of seed bed for obtained total yield of corn was using stalk shredder, plow, disc, 50 kg.ha-1 urea, 10 t.ha-1 animal manure and furrower.

Keywords

• Mineral nutrient
• Nitrogen
• Organic matter

---

References

1- Adelzadeh, R., Gharibeshghi, A., and Shahbazi, K. 2007. Effect of crop residue management on crop yield and soil properties. The Second Conference of Ecological Farming in Iran. (In Persian).

2- Aly, S.S.M., Soliman, S.M., Akel, E.A., and Ali, M.E. 1999. Significance of free N2-fixing bacteria and nitrification inhibitors on saving the applied nitrogen to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants. Faculty of Agriculture University of Cairo 50 (2): 347-365.

3- Asadpour, S. 2005. Evaluation effect of different amount of nitrogen and planting date on quality and quantity of forage and some morphological and physiological characteristics of maize (Zea mays L.) SC704 cultivar. MSc Thesis, Urmia University. (In Persian with English Summary)

4- Akef, M., and Bagheri, E. 2008. Soil Management and Role of Agricultural Machines in Physical Soil Characteristics. Gilan University Press. (In Persian)

5- Colvin, T.S. 1985. Corn (Zea mays L.) hybrid response to four methods of tillage. Agronomy Journal of Soil Research 17: 45-56.

6- Davani, D. 2003. Evaluation effect of plant density and nitrogen on quality and quantity yield and some morphological and physiological characteristics of silage maize cultivar SC 604. MSc Thesis. Urmia University. (In Persian with English Summary)

7- Emerson, W.W. 1995. Water retention, organic C and soil texture. Australian Journal of Soil Research 17: 45-56.

8- Emerson, W.W., Foster, R.C., Tisdal, J.M., and Weissmann, D. 1994. Carbon content and bulk density of irrigated natrixeralf in relation to three root growth and orchard management. Australian Journal of Soil Research 13: 31-39.

9- Gharanjiki, A., and Miri, A.A. 2007. Management of first crop residue for second planting in wheat-cotton planting system. 10th Soil congress Science Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)

10- Hemat, A., and Mosadeghi, M.R. 2001. Soil Tillage Preparing for Crop Production in Low Precipitation Region. (Translation). Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization. pp. 161. (In Persian)

11- Heenan, D.P., Mcghie, W.J., and Thomson, F.M. 1995. Decline in soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in relation to tillage, stubble management and rotation. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34 (7): 877-884.

12- Jasemi, S. 1996. Evaluation effect of nitrogen fertilizer level and plant density on quality and quantity of silage maize in Ahwaz climatic condition. MSc. Thesis, Shahid Chamran University. (In Persian with English Summary)

13- Klute, A. 1986. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1: Physical and Mineralogical Methods. Second edition, Soil Science Society of America Inc. pp. 1188.

14- Majidian, M., Ghalavand, A., Karimian, N.A., and Kamkar Haghighi, A.A. 2008. Effect of different amount of nitrogen, cattle manner and irrigation water in yield and yield component of maize (Zea mays L.). Electronic Journal of Crop Production 1(2): 67-85.

15- Malakouti, M.J. 1996. Sustainable Agriculture and Yield increase by Optimizing Fertilizer in Iran. Agriculture Education Center Press, Tehran. (In Persian)

16- Morachan, Y.B., Moldon Hauer, W.C., and Larson, W.E. 1972. Effect of increasing amounts of organic residues on continuous corn (Zea mays L.): yields and soil physical properties. Agronomy Journal 64: 199-203.

17- Najafinezhad, H., Davari, Z., and Rashidi, N. 2005. Effect of seed bed preparing method on grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.) and some soil characteristics in double cropping system. Seed and Plant 21(2): 315-330. (In Persian with English Summary)

18- Najafinezhad, A., Javaheri, M.A., Gheibi, M., and Rostamia, M.A. 2007. Influence of Tillage Practices on the grain yield of Maize and some soil properties in Maize-wheat cropping system of Iran. Journal of Agriculture and Social Science 3(3): 1813-2235.

19- Prasad, k., and Singh, P. 1990. Response of promising rainfed maize varieties to nitrogen application in north western Himalayan region. Indian Journal of Agriculture Science 60 (7):475-477.

20- Sharma, P.K., and Mishra, B. 2001. Effect of burning rice and wheat crop residues: loss of N, P, K and S from soil and changes in the nutrient availability.India Journal of Soil Science 49 (3).

21- Sharifi Ashourabadi, E. 1998. Evaluation fertility of agro ecosystems. Ph.D. Thesis. Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch. (In Persian with English Summary).

22- Soltani, A. 2007. Soil Water and Plant Relationship. Jahad Daneshghahi Mashhad Press. 246 pp. (In Persian)

23- Yadavar, R.L. 1997. Urea-N Management in relation to crop residue recycling in rice-wheat cropping system in northwestern India. Bioresource Technology 61 (2): 105-109.

24- Walsh, L.M., and Hensler, R.F. 1971. Manage Manure for its Value. Wisconsin Extension Circle pp 550.