Evaluation of freezing tolerance in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes under controlled conditions

Document Type : Scientific - Research

Authors

• Ahmad Nezami
• Zinat Boroumand Rezazadeh

Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

10.22067/jag.v3i1.9971

Abstract

In order to evaluate the effect of freezing stress on safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes, an experiment was conducted in Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. Treatments included 6 genotypes (K.W.3, K.W.6, K.W.16, Zarghan 279, Line 295 and IL-111) and freezing temperatures (0, -4, -8, -12, -16 and -20 ˚C). The trial was arranged as factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications. Plants were grown in small pots in natural environment till 5-7 leaf stage and then transferred to controlled conditions and freezing stress were imposed. Survival percentage, plant height, number of nodes per stem, length of internodes, leaf number and area, stem, leaf and plant dry weight were determined after three weeks (end of recovery). Results indicated that there was no difference between genotypes in survival percentage and lethal temperature 50 (LT50) was between -13 to -13.5˚C. Recovery of plants showed that the dry matter of safflower genotypes was significantly different and the lowest was belonging to IL-111 genotype. The lowest LT50 and Reduced Dry Matter Temperature 50 (RDMT50) was belong to the Line 295 and IL-111 showing the recovery weakness of these two genotypes compared to others.

Keywords

• LT50
• RDMT50
• Recovery
• Survival percentage

---

References

1- Azizi, H., Nezami, A., Nassiri Mahallati, M., and Khazaie, H.R. 2007. Evaluation of cold tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars under controlled conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 5: 109-120. (In Persian with English Summary)

2- Blum, A. 1988. Plant Breeding for Stress Environment. CRC Press, USA. 223 pp.

3- Bridger, G.M., Falk, D.E., Mckersie, B.D., and Smith, D.L. 1996. Crown freezing tolerance and field winter survival of winter cereals in eastern Canada. Crop Science 36: 150-157.

4- Fazeli, F., Sadrabadi, R., Zare Faizabadi, A., and Ezat Ahmadi, M. 2008. The effect of sowing date and plant density on yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.) in Rokh plateau. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 5:327-332. (In Persian with English Summary)

5- Forouzan, K. 1999. Safflower. Oil Seed Cooperation Publisher. 150 pp. (In Persian)

6- Fowler, D.B., Gusta, L.V., and Tyler, N.J. 1981. Selection for winter hardiness in wheat. III. Screening methods. Crop Science 21: 896-901.

7- Griffith, M., and McIntyre, C.H. 1993. The interrelationship of growth and frost tolerance in winter rye. Plant Physiology 87: 335-344.

8- Gusta, L.V., and Fowler, D.B. 1977. Cold resistance and injury in winter cereals. pp 159-178. In: “H. Mussel and R.C. Staples (eds.) Stress physiology in crop plants. John Wiley and Sons, New York.

9- Gusta, L.V., O’Connor, B.J., Gao, Y.P., and Jana, S. 2001. A re-evaluation of controlled freeze-tests and controlled environment hardening conditions to estimate the winter survival potential of hardy winter wheat. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 80: 241-246.

10- Hekneby, M., Antolin, M.C., and Sanchez-Diaz, M. 2006. Frost resistance and biochemical changes during cold acclimation in different annual legumes. Environmental and Experimental Botany 55: 305-314.

11- Kafi, M., and Rostami, M. 2007. Yield characteristics and oil content of three safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.) cultivars under drought in reproductive stage and irrigation with saline water. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 5: 121-131. (In Persian with English Summary)

12- Karimi, H. 1996. Field Crops. University of Tehran Press. 387 pp. (In Persian)

13- Mirmohammadi Maibodi, A.M., and Tarkesh Esfahani, S. 2004. Physiological and Breeding Aspects of Cold and Freezing Stress in Crops. Golbon Press. 223 pp .(In Persian)

14- Mirzaie Asl, A., Yazdi Samadi, B., Zali, A., and Sadeghian Motahhar, Y. 2002. Evaluation of cold tolerance of wheat with laboratory methods. Journal of Sciences and Technology of Agricultural and Natural Resources 6: 186-177. (In Persian with English Summary)

15- Mohammadi Nikpour, A., and Koocheki, A. 1999. Effects of sowing date on Growth indices, yield and yield components of safflower. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Technology 13: 7-15. (In Persian with English Summary)

16- Nezami, A., Soleimani, M.R., Ziaee, M., Ghodsi, M., and Bannayan Aval, M. 2010. Evaluation of freezing tolerance of hexaploid triticale genotypes under controlled conditions. Notulae Scientia Biologicae 2: 114-120.

17- Nezami, A., Bagheri, A., Rahimian, H., Kafi, M., and Nassiri, M. 2007. Evaluation of freezing tolerance of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes under controlled conditions. Journal of Sciences and Technology of Agricultural and Natural Resources 10: 257-269. (In Persian with English Summary)

18- Rashed Mohassel M.H., Nezami, A., Bagheri, A., Hajmohammadnia, K., and Bannayan, M. 2009. Evaluation of freezing tolerance of two fennel (Foeniculum vulgar L.) ecotypes under controlled conditions. Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants 15: 131-140.

19- Rife, C.L., and Zeinali, H. 2003 .Cold tolerance in oilseed rape over varying acclimation durations. Crop Science 43:96–100.

20- Teutonico, R.A., Palta, J.P., and Osborn, T.C. 1993. In vitro freezing tolerance in relation to winter survival of rapeseed cultivars. Crop Science 33: 103–107.