Effect of Free-Living Nitrogen Fixating, Phosphorus and Potassium Solubilizing Bacteria on Growth Indicators on Two Mung Bbean (Vigna radiata L.) Landrace

Yousefi, Afsaneh; Mirzaei Talarposhti, Reza; Nabati, Jafar; Soufizadeh, Saeid

doi:10.22067/jag.v11i4.77747

Effect of Free-Living Nitrogen Fixating, Phosphorus and Potassium Solubilizing Bacteria on Growth Indicators on Two Mung Bbean (Vigna radiata L.) Landrace

Document Type : Scientific - Research

Authors

¹ Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

² Department of Agroecology, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Iran

³ Research Center for Plant Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran

10.22067/jag.v11i4.77747

Abstract

Introduction
Economic problems as well as environmental concerns related to irregular and excessive application of agricultural chemicals have shifted the attentions toward application of biological fertilizers in many agro-ecosystems. In order to reduce environmental pollution and ecological damage caused by usage of chemical fertilizers, there is a need to use resources and inputs, which not only meet crop nutrient requirements, but also guarantee the long-term sustainability of agricultural systems. Beans are used as human food sources and to improve soil fertility through bio-stabilization of nitrogen. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of biofertilizer including (free-living nitrogen-fixating bacteria, and potassium and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria) on growth Indicators of two mung bean landrace.
Materials and Methods
In order to investigate the effect of free-living nitrogen fixating, phosphorus and potassium solubilizing bacteria on growth indices of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.), a field experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete block design as factorial arrangement. Two mung bean landrace (Dezfouli and Indian) were planted under six fertilization systems at the Agricultural Research Station of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran in 2017. Six fertilization treatments include: 1-free-living nitrogen fixating 2- phosphorus solubilizing bacteria 3- potassium solubilizing bacteria 4- free-living nitrogen fixating +phosphorus solubilizing bacteria + potassium solubilizing bacteria 5- nitrogen fertilizer 6- Control (without biological and chemical fertilizers) were applied. Before planting, a soil depth of 0-30 cm was obtained from soil samples and the soil physico-chemical properties were measured. Sampling was started 20 days after planting by taking 6 destructive samples. Plant were sampled two weekly intervals to determine the growth parameters of mung bean including leaf area index (LAI), dry matter accumulation (DM), crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), and net assimilation rate (NAR).
Results and Discussion
The results showed that the highest leaf area index (3.80) and dry matter accumulation (835 g. m-2) were observed in Indian mung bean, also the highest Crop growth rate (25 g.m-2.day-1), net assimilation rate (18.95 g CO2.m-2.day-1) and relative growth rate (0.056 g.g-1.day-1) were obtained in Dezfuli Landrace. The lowest growth indices in control treatment were obtained in both Dezfuli and Indian Landrace. Also, the highest yield (1558 kg. ha-1) at application time of bifertilizers was obtained for Indian mung bean under (free-living nitrogen fixating + phosphorus solubilizing bacteria + potassium solubilizing bacteria) treatment. The use of bio-fertilizers through synergistic effects by creating a suitable substrate and favorable for nutrients improves the growth and increase of yield. Also, increasing leaf area can increase the plant's photosynthetic potential and increase dry matter, at finally to increased plant yield. Mung bean plant despite its ability to stabilize nitrogen due to its poor root yield is low. Inoculation with free-living nitrogen fixating, phosphorus solubilizing and potassium solubilizing bacteria, due to increased access to nutrients, which is an effective factor in stimulating the growth and photosynthesis of plants. It improves the growth conditions, develops vegetative growth, extends and prolongs the leaf area, produces photosynthetic materials and as a result increases yield. The application of the mentioned bio fertilizers has increased the number of elements and the development of photosynthetic surfaces and the plant produced the produced material to the reproductive organs and finally growth indices have increased compared to the control treatment.
Conclusion
It was revealed that symbiosis of various biofertilizers not only improve mung bean Growth Indicators but also can reduce negative aspects of chemical fertilizer application in crop production systems. Giving attention to more frequent application of biological fertilizers could be considered as an important agro-ecological approach, which results in healthier soil and water resources.

Keywords

20.1001.1.20087713.1398.11.4.15.6

References

Abbas, G., Abbas, Z. Aslam, M., Ullah Malik, T., Ishaque, M., and Hussain, F., 2011. Effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on mungbean (Vigna radiata L.). International Journal of Plant Science 2(4): 094-098.

Abou, S., and Abdel, A., 2012. Impact of rock materials and biofertilizations on P and K availability for maize (Zea mays) under calcareous soil conditions. Journal of Biological Sciences 19(1): 55-63.

Aboutalebian, M.A., and Elahi, M., 2016. Evaluation of changes in some physiological indices of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) affected by on-farm seed priming and bio-fertilizers at different phosphorus levels. Journal of Crop Production and Processing Isfahan University of Technology 6(20): 25-39. (In Persian with English Summery)

Abrosh, A., 2000. Effect of sowing date on yield and yield components of mung bean cultivars under Dezful climate conditions. Journal of Physiology of Crops 2(8): 13-28.

Antunes, P.M., Deaville, D.,. and Goss, M.J., 2005. Effect of two AMF life strategies on the tripartite symbiosis with Bradyrhizobium japonicum and soybean. Joutnal of Mycorrhiza 16(3): 167-173.

Aseri, G.K., Jain, N., Panwar, J., Rao, A.V., and Meghwal, P.R., 2008. Biofertilizers improve plant growth, fruit yield, nutrition, metabolism and rhizosphere enzyme activities of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) in Indian Thar Desert. Scientia Horticulturae 117(2): 130-135.

Bagheri, F., Rouhani, H., Falahati Rastegar, M., and Saberi, R., 2011. Investigating the fuzzy diversity phenomenon in fluorescent pseudomonads and its role in control of the fungi of patient Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici is a causal agent of wheat germ. Jornal of Iranian Plant Protection Sciences 42(2): 199-208 (In Persian with English Summery)

Bashan, Y., 2005. Fresh-weight measurements of roots provide inaccurate estimates of the effects of plant growth promoting bacteria on root growth: a critical examination. Journal of Soil Biology and Biochemistry 3(7): 1795-1804.

Bashir, K,. Kausar, K,. Shahzad, S.M,. Ashraf, M., Siddiqui, A.R,. Muhammad, A., and Piracha, A., 2016. Bio-associative effect of rhizobacteria on nodulation and yield of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) under saline conditions. Journal of Applied Agriculture and Biotechnology 1(2): 23−37.

Chattha, M.U., Hassan, U.H., Khan, E., Chattha, M.B., Ashraf, I., Ishque. W., Farooq, M., Usman, M., and Kharal, M., 2017. Effect of different nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer levels in combination with nitrogen and phosphorus solubilizing inoculants on the growth and yield of mung bean. Journal of Life Science 15(1): 31-36.

Choudhary, P., Singh, G., Reddy, G.L., and Jat, B.L., 2017. Effect of Bio-fertilizer on different varieties of black gram (Vigna radiata L.). Journal of Current Microbiology Application Science 6(2): 302-316.

De sousza, E.M., Bassani, V.L., Sperotto, R.A., and Granada, G.E., 2016. Inoculation of new rhizobial isilates improve nutrient uptake and growth of bean (Phaseolus vulgarid and arugula (Eruca sativa). Journal of Life Science Food 96(10): 258-273.

Hamidi, A., Ghalavand, A., Dehghan Sharam, M., Malekoti, M., Asgharzadeh, A., and Chukan, R., 2005. Effects of plant growth stimulating bacteria (PGPR) on the yield of corn. Jornal of Research and Construction 19(1): 16-22 (In Persian).

Iqbal, S., Khan, M.Y., Asghar, H.N., and Akhtar, M.J., 2016. Combined use of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and poultry manure to enhance the growth and yield of mung bean in calcareous soil. Journal of Soil Environment 35(2): 146-15.

Hassanabadi, T., Ardakani, M., Rajali, F., and Pak Nejad, F., 2012. Effect of nitrogen fxation and solubilizing phosphate inoculation on yield and nitrogen uptake indices of barley (Hordeum ulgare L.) under different levels of nitrogen. Journal of Agriculture and Plant Breeding 8(3): 161-174. (In Persian with English Summery)

Kennedy, I.R., Choudhury, A., and Kecskes, M., 2004. Non-symbiotic bacterial diazotrophs in crop-farming systems: can their potential for plant growth promotion be better exploited?. Journal of Soil Biology and Biochemistry 36(8): 1229-1244.

KeshavarzAfshar, R., Chaei Chi, M., AliPour Juangiri, A., Ansari Jouini, M., Moghaddam, H., Ehteshami, M.R., Khosravi, R., and Khumri, A.S., 2016. The effect of different mycorrhiza species on the effect of elements under different levels of phosphorus fertilizer, The 6th National Congress of Legumes of Iran, Khorramabad, Lorestan (In Persian).

Kamaei, R., Jahan, M., and Parsa, M., 2015. Effects of biological, chemical and organic fertilizers on some physiological indices of Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) under greenhouse conditions. Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture Soilless Culture Research Center 7(2): 87-96 (In Persian with English Summery)

Leithy, S., El-meseiry, T.A., and Abdallah, E.F., 2006. Effect of biofertilizers, cell stabilizer and irrigation regime on Rosemary herbage oil yield and quality. Journal of Applied Research 2(10): 773-779.

MajnounHosseini, N., and Mazaheri, M., 2007. Effect of covering effects, soil mechanization systems and nitrogen fertilizer on soil properties and forage sorghum performance, 10nd Iranian Soil Science Congress, Karaj, Iran (In Persian).

Navid, A., Yavarifar, A., Godini, A., and Farniya, A., 2014. Effect of nitrogenous and phosphorous biological fertilizers on morphological traits of mung bean plant. In: Proceedings 2nd International Agriculture and Sustainable Natural Resources, Tehran (In Persian)

Nasrolahzadeh, N., Shirkhani, A., Zehtab Salmasi, S., and Choukan, R., 2016. Effects of biofertilizer and chemical fertilizer on maize yield and leaf characters in different irrigation conditions. Applied Field Crops Research 29(4): 72-86 (In Persian with English Summery).

Nazeri, P., Kashani, A., Kavazi, Kazem., Aedakani, M., and Mirakhori, M., 2012. Effect of use microbial zinc granulated phosphorous bio fertilizer on growth indices of bean. Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding 8(42):1-16. (In Persian with English Summery)

Ngouajio, M., McGiffen, J.M.E., and Hembree, K.J., 2001. Tolerance of tomato cultivar to velvet leaf interference. Journal of Weed Science 49(4): 91-98.

Osouli, N., and Taleshi, K., 2017. Effect of biological fertilizers and vermicompost on some biological properties quality of essential oil of (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) in Khorramabad. Journal of Applied Research of Plant Ecophysiology 4(2):123-138 (In Persian with English Summery)

Ozoni Davaji, A., Esfahani, M., Sami Zadeh, H., and Rabiei, M., 2008. Effect of planting pattern and plant density on growth indices and radiation use efficiency of apetalous flowers and petalled rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. Iran Journal Crop Scince 9(2): 382-400 (In Persian with English Summery).

Parmar, P., and Sindhu, S., 2013. Potassium solubilization by rhizosphere bacteria: influence of nutritional and environmental conditions. Journal Microbiology Research 3(1): 25-31.

Prajapati, K. 2016., Impact of potassium solubilizing bacteria on growth and yield of mung bean Vigna radiata. Journal of Applied Reseach 6(2): 2949-55.

Prasad, S.K., Singh, M.K., and Singh, J., 2014. Response of rhizobium inoculation and phosphorus levels on mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) under guava-based agri-horti system. The Bioscan 9(2): 557-560.

Paul, I. K., and Savithru, K., 2003. Effect of biofertilizers vs perfected chemical fertilization for sesame grown in summer rice fallow. Journal of Tropical Agriculture 41(3): 47-49.

Rany, M., and Praksh, V., 2017. Effect of phosphorus, sulphur and PSB on growth attributes and yield of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.). Journal of Agriculture Research 4(3): 198-201.

Sadeghi, S., Sohrabi, Y., and Heidari, G., 2015. Effect of biological fertilizers and fertilizer management on some growth indices of two corn cultivars. Journal of Knowledge of Agriculture and Sustainable Production 25(3): 43-60 (In Persian with English Summery).

Sajjadi Nik, R., and Yadavi, A.R., 2013. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer, vermicompost and nitroxin on growth, phonological stages and grain yield. Electronic Journal of Crop Production 6(2): 73-99 (in Persian with English Summery).

Sayadat, A., Najafi, A., and Khodarahm, F., 2016. Effect of planting arrangement on yield and yield components of three mung bean cultivars (Vigna radiata L.) in northern Khuzestan. Journal of Plant Production Science 6(1): 1-10 (in Persian with English Summery).

SeyedSharifi, R., and Nazarli, H., 2012. Quantitative and qualitative yield and some agricultural characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) in response to inoculation of seeds with growth promoting bacteria at different levels of nitrogen. Jornal of Agricultural Ecology 5(3): 308-317 (In Persian with English Summery).

Shaharoona, B., Arshad, M., Zahir A., and Khalid, A., 2006. Performance of Pseudomonas spp. containing ACC-deaminase for improving growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in the presence of nitrogenous fertilizer. Jornal of Soil Biology and Biochemistry 38(9): 2971-2975.

Shen, H., Xinhua He, X., Liu, Y., Chen, Y., Tang, J., and Guo, T., 2016. Complex inoculant of N2-fixing, P and Ksolubilizing bacteria from a purple soil improves the growth of kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) plantlets. Journal of Frontiers in Microbiology 7(4):841-855.

Soleimani Sardoo, M., Afsharmanesh, G., and Rodbari, Z., 2017. Evaluating the effects of sowing date and plant density on yield and yield components of bean mung in Jiroft County. Journal of Crop Science Research in Arid Regions 1(1): 27-34.

Steinmaus, S.J., and Norris, R.F., 2002. Growth analysis and canopy architecture of velvetleaf grown under light conditions representative of irrigated Mediterranean-type agroecosystems. Journal of Weed Science 50(2): 42- 53.

Tilak, K.V.B.R., Ranganayaki, N., Pal, K.K., De, R., Saxena, A.K., Nautiyal, C.S., Mittal, S., Tripathi, A.K., and Johri, B.N., 2005. Diversity of plant growth and soil health supporting bacteria. Journal of Current Science 31(4):136-150.

Van Iersel, M.W., 2000.Growth and maintenance respiration of Catharanthus roseus L. estimated from CO2 exchang. Journal of American Society of Hotriculture Science Acta Hotriculture 5(1): 133-140.

Yasari, E., and Patwardhan, A.M., 2007. Effects of Azotobacter and Azospirillum inoculation and chemical fertilizers on growth and productivity of canola. Asian Journal of Plant Science 6(1):77-82.

Zaefarian, F., Aghaalikhani, M., Rahimian Mashadi, H., Zand, E., and Rezvani, M., 2009. Yield and growth indices of corn/soybean intercrops under simultaneous competition of redroot pigweed and jimsonweed. Iran Journal Weed Scince 5(2): 107-125 (In Persian with English Summery)

Zayed, G., and Motaal, H.A., 2005. Bioactive composts from rice straw enriched with rock phosphate and their effect on the phosphorus nutrition and microbial community in rhizosphere of cowpea. Bioresource Technology 96(8): 929-935.