تأثیر مدیریت بقایای برنج بر خصوصیات رشدی، عملکرد کمّی و کیفی ارقام کلزا(Brassica napus)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• حمید امانی پور ¹
• سیدکیوان مرعشی ²

¹ گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران

² گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران.

10.22067/agry.2021.68463.1018

چکیده

حفظ بقایای گیاهی با حداقل بهم خوردگی خاک می­تواند جایگزین مناسبی برای سوزاندن بقایا بعد از برداشت برنج باشد. بر این اساس و به‌منظور بررسی اثر مدیریت‌های مختلف بقایای برنج بر صفات کمّی و کیفی کلزا (Brassica napus) ، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح­ پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال زراعی 98- 1397 در اراضی کشاورزی جهاد کشاورزی شهرستان ایذه واقع در شمال استان خوزستان انجام شد. عامل اصلی مدیریت بقایای برنج در چهار سطح شامل 1- کشت مرسوم و مطابق عرف منطقه 2- کشت در زمین شخم خورده همراه با بقایای برنج 3- کشت در بقایای برنج با ارتفاع 20 سانتی‌متر 4- کشت در بقایای برنج با ارتفاع 40 سانتی‌متر و عامل فرعی سه رقم کلزا شامل رقم 401، 4815 و Okapi بود. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد، اثر مدیریت بقایای برنج بر ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه در بوته، تعداد خورجین در بوته، تعداد دانه در خورجین، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، درصد روغن و درصد پروتئین دانه معنی‌دار بود. اثر نوع رقم بر تعداد خورجین در بوته و عملکرد دانه معنی‌دار بود، ولی در مورد سایر صفات معنی‌دار نبود. اثر متقابل مدیریت بقایای برنج و نوع رقم بر ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه در بوته، تعداد خورجین در بوته، تعداد دانه در خورجین وعملکردانه معنی‌دار، ولی بر وزن هزار دانه، درصد روغن و درصد پروتئین دانه معنی­دار نبود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه (46/2449 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمار کشت در زمین شخم خورده همراه با بقایای برنج در رقم 4815 و کمترین عملکرد دانه (41/1187 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در مدیریت کشت در بقایای برنج با ارتفاع 40 سانتی‌متر در رقم 401 مشاهده شد. بیشترین درصد پروتئین و روغن دانه در تیمار کشت در زمین شخم خورده همراه با بقایای برنج به‌ترتیب به‌میزان 62/21 و 16/48 درصد حاصل شد و در مورد سایر مدیریت­ها تفاوت معنی­داری مشاهده نشد. به‌طور کلی، نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از کشت در زمین شخم خورده همراه با بقایای برنج در بهبود اکثر صفات رشدی و عملکردی کلزا مؤثر بود. ضمناً رقم 4815 در شرایط استفاده از کشت در زمین شخم خورده همراه با بقایای برنج در کلیه صفات مورد بررسی مناسب­تراز رقم 401 و Okapi بود و این رقم در این نوع مدیریت کشت در منطقه توصیه می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• حفظ بقایا
• سوزاندن بقایا
• درصد پروتئین
• درصد روغن

موضوعات

• بوم شناسی کشاورزی و دانش بومی

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عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Rice Residue Management on Growth and Quantitative and Qualitative Yield of Rapeseed (Brassica napus) Cultivars

نویسندگان [English]

• Hamid Amanipor ¹
• Seyed Keyvan Marashi ²

¹ Department of Agronomy, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

² Department of Agronomy, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Introduction
One of the problems of agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions is low soil organic matter. Plant residues are a natural and important renewable source of plant nutrients that can be used together with other inputs to improve soil health and improve production. The method of preserving crop residues on the surface and cultivating directly inside the residues with minimal soil disturbance can be an alternative method for burning the residues, especially in summer cultivation. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of different rice residue managements on the growth and quantitative and qualitative yield of rapeseed cultivars was studied.
  Materials and Methods
The experiment was performed as split plot layout based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor included the management of rice residues at four levels, including 1- According to conventional cultivation,2- Cultivation in plowed land with rice residues, 3- Cultivation in rice residues with 20 cm height, 4- Cultivation in rice residues with 40 cm height and the secondary factor of three rapeseed cultivars included 401, 4815 and okapi cultivars. In conventional cultivation (control), after harvesting the rice, the field was set on fire and after exposing the ground, plowing, disc and plotting of the land were done and planting according to the custom of the region in a row with distant 20 cm was planted. In the management of cultivation in plowed land with rice residues, after harvesting rice, plowing, disc and plot cultivation were done and planting was done in a row according to the custom of the region in a row with distances between planting lines of 20 cm. In the management of cultivation in rice residues with a height of 20 and 40 cm, rice harvesting from a height of 20 and 40 cm above the ground is done manually and then scattering rapeseed seeds similar to seed density in the custom method cultivation and then with the help of chisel plow rapeseed seeds it was mixed with the soil completely superficially at a depth of about 0.5-1 cm.
Results and Discussion
The results of analysis of variance showed that the effect of rice residue management on plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, 1000- grain weight, grain yield, oil percentage and grain protein percentage was significant. The effect of cultivar types on number of pods per plant and grain yield was significant but not significant for other traits. Interaction of rice residue management and cultivar type was significant on plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod and yield. The maximum grain yield in the cultivation of plowed land with rice residues in cultivar 4815 by 2449.48 kg/ha and the minimum grain yield in the cultivation of rice residues with a height of 40 cm in cultivar 401 by 1187.41 kg/ha was observed. The maximum oil percentage and grain protein percentage in the cultivation of plowed land with rice residues by 21.62 and 48.16 were observed, respectively and regard to other residue managements were not significant.
 Conclusion
In general, the results showed that the rapeseed cultivation in plowed bed along with rice residues is effective in improving most of the growth and yield traits of rapeseed. In addition, cultivar 4815 is more suitable than cultivar 401 and okapi in terms of cultivation in plowed land with rice residues and this cultivar can be recommended for farmers and region.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Residues preservation
• residues burning
• protein percentage
• oil percentage

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