تأثیر انواع کودهای آلی و تاریخ های مختلف کاشت بر عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد گل و دانه همیشه‌بهار (Calendula officinalis L.)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

به‌ منظور تعیین کود آلی مناسب جهت حذف استفاده از کودهای شیمیایی و تاریخ مناسب کاشت در گیاه همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis L.) آزمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی در مشهد در سال زراعی 86-1385 در قالب طرح اسپلیت پلات بر پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. فاکتور اصلی شامل سطوح مختلف کودی در چهار سطح (نیتروژن به‌میزان 50 کیلوگرم در هکتار، کود گاوی به میزان 40 تن در هکتار، کود کمپوست به ‌میزان 20 تن در هکتار و کود مرغی به ‌میزان 10 تن در هکتار) به همراه شاهد (بدون کود) و فاکتور فرعی شامل تاریخ کاشت گیاه همیشه بهار، در سه سطح (21 فروردین، 11 اردیبهشت و 31 اردیبهشت ماه) بود. نتایج نشان داد که مدت زمان دوره سبز شدن تا غنچه دهی، غنچه‌دهی تا گل‌دهی و گل‌دهی تا رسیدن به ‌طور معنی‌داری با تأخیر در کاشت کاهش یافت. با تأخیر در کاشت، ارتفاع بوته و وزن خشک تک بوته نیز به دلیل کاهش طول دوره رشد رویشی کاهش پیدا کرد. انواع کودها تأثیر معنی‌داری بر مراحل نمو و صفات مورفولوژیک همیشه‌بهار نداشتند. بین تیمارهای کودی، کود نیتروژن و کود مرغی نسبت به سایر تیمارهای کودی (بدون کود، کود گاوی و کود کمپوست) به‌ طور معنی‌داری (05/0p≤) تعداد کاپیتول در واحد سطح، عملکرد کاپیتول در واحد سطح، عملکرد گلبرگ در واحد سطح و عملکرد دانه در واحد سطح بالاتری داشتند؛ بنابراین کود مرغی می‌تواند جایگزین مناسبی برای کود شیمیایی در کشت گیاه دارویی همیشه‌بهار باشد. تاریخ‌های مختلف کاشت تأثیر معنی‌داری بر اکثر صفات اندازه‌گیری شده اجزاء عملکرد کاپیتول و دانه نشان دادند، بدین ترتیب که تمامی این صفات در تاریخ کاشت 21 فروردین و 11 اردیبهشت بیشتر از تاریخ کاشت 31 اردیبهشت بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of organic fertilizers and different sowing dates on yield and yield components of flower and grain of Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • P Rezvani moghaddam
  • M Akbar Abadi
  • F Hassanzadeh Aval
چکیده [English]

In order to find out suitable organic fertilizers for elimination of chemical fertilizers usage and the optimum sowing date in Pot Marigold cultivation, an experiment was conducted in the Agricultural Research Station, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, in 2007 growing season. For this purpose a split plot experiment based on completely randomized block design with three replications was used. The main factor consist of four different fertilizers (50 kg.ha-1 N, 40 t.ha-1 Cow manure, 20 t.ha-1 Compost fertilizer and 10 t.ha-1 Hen manure) beside control (without fertilizer) and three sowing dates (10th April, 1th May and 21th May) were allocated as sub factor. The results showed that the length time of emergence to budding, budding to flowering and flowering to ripening decreased by delay in sowing date, significantly. By delay in sowing date, plant height and dry matter also decreased because of reduction of vegetative growing duration. The various fertilizers had not significant effect on developmental stages and morphological characteristics of Pot Marigold. Nitrogen fertilizer and Hen manure in compare of other treatments had significantly (p≤0.05) higher level in number of inflorescences, yield of inflorescences, yield of petal and seed yield. Thus, Hen manure can be a suitable replacement of chemical fertilizers in Pot Marigold cultivation. The various sowing dates showed significant effect on the most measured characteristics of seed and inflorescences yield components of Pot Marigold. The highest of all studied characteristics were obtained in 10th April and 1th May than 21th May sowing dates.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Compost
  • Inflorescences harvest index
  • N fertilizer
  • Organic manure
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