تأثیر مصرف گوگرد و کود دامی بر ویژگی‌های کمّی و کیفی ارقام کنجد (Sesamum indicum L.)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

2 گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

بالا بودن میزان pH خاک و تأثیر آن بر قابلیت استفاده از عناصر غذایی و هم‌چنین کمبود مواد آلی موجب شده میزان تولید از پتانسیل عملکرد محصول فاصله بگیرد. این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر دو ماده اصلاح‌کننده خاک، کود دامی و گوگرد بر عملکرد کمّی و کیفی ارقام کنجد (Sesamum indicum L.) طی سال 1395 در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمان به‌صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل کود گاوی در دو سطح (0 و 20 تن در هکتار)، گوگرد پودری در چهار سطح (0، 2، 4 و 8 تن در هکتار) و ارقام شامل جیرفت-13 و توده محلی جیرفت بودند. صفات مورد بررسی شامل عملکرد دانه، شاخص برداشت، محتوی روغن و پروتئین دانه و غلظت فسفر و گوگرد برگ ارقام کنجد بودند. نتایج نشان داد که بالاترین سطح گوگرد (8 تن در هکتار) به‌جز شاخص برداشت موجب افزایش معنی­داری در صفات مورد بررسی نسبت به تیمار شاهد گردید. هم‌چنین اثرات متقابل کود گاوی و گوگرد نیز بر تعدادی از صفات معنی­دار گردید طوری­که بیش‌ترین عملکرد دانه مربوط به رقم جیرفت-13 در بالاترین سطح گوگرد و کود گاوی (20 تن در هکتار) بود. رقم جیرفت-13 بیش‌ترین میزان درصد روغن و پروتئین دانه و هم‌چنین شاخص برداشت را نسبت به توده محلی جیرفت داشت. اثرات تیمارهای گوگرد و کود گاوی بر میزان روغن و پروتئین دانه معنی­دار بود و بیش‌ترین مقدار مربوط به کاربرد توأم گوگرد و کود گاوی بود. کاربرد گوگرد هم‌چنین موجب افزایش غلظت این عنصر در برگ­های گیاه گردید و هم‌چنین به‌دلیل کاهش موضعی pH خاک تأثیر معنی­داری در افزایش جذب فسفر داشت. نتایج نشان داد مصرف تلفیقی گوگرد و کود گاوی را می­توان به‌عنوان راهکاری اکولوژیک در راستای دستیابی به افزایش رشد و تولید کمّی و کیفی گیاهان روغنی به‌ویژه در خاک­های با قلیایی، مد نظر قرار داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Sulfur and Manure on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Sesame Varieties (Sesamum indicum L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Marjan Saeidi Nezhad 1
  • Mohammad Ali Behdani 1
  • Mohammad Hassan Sayyari Zahan 2
  • Sohrab Mahmoodi 1
1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
2 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction
Oil seeds had an important role in supplying food, heat and pharmaceutical needs. Today oil seeds are considered as the strategic agricultural products in the world.  Providing of essential elements for crops, especially micro-nutrients play an important role in increasing the quality of produced food and improving community health. Sulfur is one of the essential elements required for plants, which has been underestimated in recent years. In oil seeds, sulfur plays an important role in seeds quality and growth. These plants usually need more sulfur for suitable growth and higher yield. Synthesis of some essential proteins and vitamins in crops has been faced difficulty due to sulfur deficiency. The addition of organic matter with sulfur in soils with high acidity is an appropriate option for reducing acidity and dissolving the required elements of crops.
Materials and Methods
The limiting factors in crop production are high soil pH and its effect on availability of nutrients and also organic matter shortages. This research was conducted at Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center to determine the effect of sulfur and cattle manure on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sesame varieties (Sesamum indicum L.) in a factorial experiment with completely randomized block design with 3 replications in 2016. The treatments consisted of powdered sulfur at four levels (0, 2, 4 and 8 t.ha-1), Cow manure at two levels (0 and 20 t.ha-1) and included two Jiroft-13 and Jiroft local varieties. After soil preparation the cultivars were planted on the rows with 50 cm distance. Grain yield, Harvest index, Oil and Protein Content, phosphorus and leaf sulfur content of sesame varieties were measured at the end of the growing season.
Results and Discussion
The results indicated that the highest level of sulfur (8 t.ha-1) except for harvest index caused a significant increase in the investigated traits compared to the control treatment. The interactions of Cattle manure and sulfur were significant on some traits and the highest grain yield belonged to the Jiroft-13 cultivar in the highest level of sulfur and Cattle manure. The Jiroft-13 cultivar had the highest grain oil and protein content and harvest index as compared to Jiroft local variety. Effects of sulfur and Cattle manure treatments on grain oil and protein were significant and the highest amount was observed in combined application of sulfur and manure. Application of sulfur increased the concentration of this element in sesame leaves and also due to local reduction of soil acidity, it had a significant effect on increasing phosphorus uptake. The results indicate that the integrated use of sulfur and cattle manure as an ecological solution in order to increase growth and quantitative and qualitative production of oil crops, especially in alkaline soils could be considered.
Conclusion
In general, the results of this study indicate that sulfur application had a significant effect on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sesame varieties and soil improvement. Application of cattle manure improved physical and chemical properties of soil, resulted yield increase and provided the sulfur oxidation conditions. In alkaline soils, animal fertilizers can be used to release phosphorus and fixed micronutrients. Considering the positive effect of sulfur on soil pH reduction and increasing accessibility to phosphorus and micronutrients, consumption of this substance with animal fertilizers, will make each one more effective. Large amounts of sulfur are produced in the country's oil and gas industries which can play an important role in increasing the quality of oilseed crops. According to the experimental conditions and the obtained results in the absence of cow manure, using 8 t.ha-1 of sulfur is recommended. However, under application of 20 t.ha-1 of cow manure, while using lower levels of sulfur, favorable results can be obtained.  Jiroft-13 had a higher yield than local variety and is recommended for Kerman climatic conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Oil seed
  • Fertilizer
  • Oil
  • Soil acidity
  • Soil improvement

مراجع

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 02 اسفند 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 02 اسفند 1396
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 مهر 1398

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