تأثیر مدیریت توزیع نیتروژن بر جذب و کارایی مصرف نور در ژنوتیپ‌های سورگوم علوفه‌ای Sorghum bicolor L. Moench))

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• علیرضا بهشتی ¹
• احسان سید کابلی ²

¹ بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقـات و آمـوزش کشاورزی، مشهد

² دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد نیشابور

10.22067/jag.v9i3.56944

چکیده

چکیده:
یکی از مهمترین عوامل مؤثر بر اختلاف عملکرد در ژنوتیپ‌های سورگوم علوفه‌ای (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) چگونگی دریافت و جذب تشعشع فعال فتوسنتزی تحت تأثیر میزان و چگونگی توزیع نیتروژن مصرفی می‌باشد. به‌منظور ارزیابی تشعشع فعال فتوسنتزی تجمعی (CPAR) و کارایی مصرف نور(RUE) در شرایط تقسیط و عدم تقسیط کود نیتروژن، طرح آماری به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی و در سه تکرار بر روی 15 ژنوتیپ سورگوم علوفه‌ای (لاین‌های امید‌بخش) به اجرا درآمد. در طول آزمایش، صفات شاخص سطح برگ، عملکرد ماده خشک و میزان تشعشع فعال فتوسنتزی جذب شده طی پنج مرحله نمونه‌برداری اندازه‌گیری و محاسبه شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد اثر ژنوتیپ بر عملکرد ماده خشک گیاه و کارایی مصرف نور معنی‌دار (p≤0.05) بود و حداکثر و حداقل آن به‌ترتیب 17/20 و 56/13 تن در هکتار برای ماده خشک و 18/4 و 06/3 گرم بر مگاژول برای کارایی مصرف نور به‌ترتیب به ژنوتیپ‌های kfs17 و kfs10 اختصاص داشت. شیوه توزیع نیتروژن و اثر متقابل نیتروژن و ژنوتیپ بر شاخص سطح برگ معنی‌دار (p≤0.05) بود و توزیع دوباره نیتروژن موجب افزایش شاخص سطح برگ به‌میزان نه درصد و همچنین PAR تجمعی به میزان دو درصد شد. نتایج این بررسی حاکی است که اختلاف در عملکرد ماده خشک ژنوتیپ-های سورگوم علوفه‌ای ناشی از اختلاف درهر دو جزء مؤثر در تولید ماده خشک یعنی کارایی مصرف نور و PAR تجمعی بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• پتانسیل عملکرد
• تشعشع فعال فتوسنتزی تجمعی
• شاخص سطح برگ

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عنوان مقاله [English]

The Influence of Distribution Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Absorbed and Radiation Use Efficiency in Forage Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)

نویسندگان [English]

• Alireza Beheshti ¹
• ehsan seyyed kaboli ²

¹ Seed and Plant Breeding Research Department of Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Training Center, Agricultural Research and Education Organization, Mashhad

² Azad university of Neyshabur

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Dry matter production is a function of photosynthesis active radiation absorption (APAR) and radiation use efficiency. Sorghum genotypes are different in total dry matter, but the reason of these different is not clear. Producing dry matter is affected by nitrogen distributing method, but the way of this effectiveness on producing of dry matter in sorghum genotypes is not also specified. This paper focused on evaluation of receiving and absorbing PAR, which is affected by nitrogen usage method in forage sorghum genotypes, and reasons of the differences between these genotypes in production of dry matter. The variation in efficiency of APAR depends on two chemical and morphological characteristics of the vegetation, including canopy nitrogen content (NCANOPY) and the canopy average for mass per unit of area (Merea).

Material and Methods
In order to investigate the cumulative photosynthetically active radiation (CPAR) and radiation use efficiency (RUE) under distributing of nitrogen side dressing and non-distributing conditions, an experiment was conducted at Khorasan Razavei Agriculture and Natural Resources , Research Center Mashhad , Iran. The statical method was according to spilt plots base on randomized complete block design with three replicates. The main plots were fifteen forage sorghum genotypes (Promising lines kfs1, kfs2, kfs3, kfs6, kfs7, kfs8, kfs9, kfs10, kfs11, kfs12, kfs13, kfs15, kfs16, kfs17, kfs18) and the subplots consisted of distributing of nitrogen side dressing and non-distributing. The samples were obtained 5 times during the growing season for determination of some characteristics including dry matter (TDM), leaf area index (LAI) and Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Then total dry matter (TDM), cumulative Photosynthetically active radiation (CPAR) and radiation use efficiency (RUE) were calculated by these traits. Absorbed radiation measured by Sub Scan model SSI-UM-1.05 on five location of each plot on bottom and top of each plot at 12 o’clock each day, five times by destructive samples. Radiation use efficiency (RUE) calculated by regression lines obtained by slope of total dry matter (TDM) and cumulative radiation use absorption (CPAR) by this equation Y=a0*x.
Results and Discussion
The results showed that the effect of genotype on total dry matter was significant (p

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Cumulative photosynthetically active radiation
• Leaf Area Index
• yields potential

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