بررسی امکان تقلیل اثرات تنش آبی در گیاه آفتابگردان(Helianthus annus L.) با استفاده از ورمی‌کمپوست و زئولیت

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• هنگامه طاهرآموز
• امیر قلاوند

دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

10.22067/jag.v10i1.50765

چکیده

به منظور بررسی امکان تقلیل اثر تنش‌کم آبی به کمک ورمی‌کمپوست و زئولیت (کلینوپتیلولیت) بر برخی خصوصیات کمی و کیفی در گیاه آفتابگردان(Helianthus annus L.) آزمایشی به‎صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دانشگاه تربیت مدرس در سال زراعی 90-1389 اجراشد. تیمار تنش‌کم‌آبی در سه سطح، شاهد، :S1 50 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی،:S2 60 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی و S3 70 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی و چهار تیمار تغذیه تلفیقی شامل شاهدF1 (0 درصد ورمی‌کمپوست + تأمین100درصد نیتروژن مورد نیاز گیاه از‌ کود شیمیایی اوره + 175 درصد زئولیت)، F2 (تأمین 25 درصد نیتروژن مورد نیاز ‌گیاه توسط ورمی‌کمپوست + تأمین 75 درصد نیتروژن مورد نیاز‌ گیاه توسط کود شیمیایی اوره + 150 درصد زئولیت)، F3 (تأمین 50 درصد نیتروژن مورد نیاز‌ گیاه توسط ورمی‌کمپوست + تأمین 50 درصد نیتروژن مورد نیاز‌ گیاه از کود شیمیایی اوره + 125 درصد زئولیت) و F4 (تأمین 75 درصد نیتروژن مورد نیاز ‌گیاه توسط ورمی‌کمپوست + تأمین 25 درصد نیتروژن مورد نیاز‌ گیاه از کود شیمیایی اوره + 100 درصد زئولیت) بود. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که تنش‌کم آبی (S2 و S3) باعث کاهش معنی‌دار عملکرد دانه نسبت به شاهد شد، به‌طوری‌که سطح اول تنش نسبت به شاهد کاهشی 31 درصدی و نسبت به سطح دوم تنش کاهشی 50 درصدی داشت. همچنین تنش‌کم آبی (S2 و S3) باعث کاهش معنی‌دار عملکرد بیولوژیک، درصد روغن و عملکرد روغن نسبت به شرایط بدون تنش‌کم آبی‌گردید ‌که با بررسی اثرات متقابل مشاهده شد که این‌کاهش‌ها در تیمار تغذیه تلفیقی، سطح F4 (S2F4 و S3F4) نسبت به سه سطوح دیگر‌کمتر بود. در بررسی صفات بیوشیمیایی این نتیجه بدست ‌آمد که تنش خشکی سبب کاهش کلروفیل a ، کلروفیل b، کلروفیل کل و افزایش پرولین شد. در نهایت، می‌توان تأمین 75 درصد نیتروژن مورد نیاز گیاه از طریق ورمی‌کمپوست و 25 درصد باقی‌مانده توسط ‌کود شیمیایی اوره به‌همراه 100درصد زئولیت را به عنوان بهترین سطح تیمار مورد بررسی، در شرایط تنش‌کم آبیاری در این تحقیق مشخص نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• پرولین
• تغذیه تلفیقی
• درصد روغن
• عملکرد
• کلروفیل

20.1001.1.20087713.1397.10.1.4.2

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عنوان مقاله [English]

Reducing the Effects of Water Stress using Vermicompost and Mineral Zeolite in Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)

نویسندگان [English]

• Hengameh Tahramooz
• Amir ghalavand

Tarbiat Modares University

چکیده [English]

Introduction
The population of developing countries is dramatically increasing, thus acute food supply challenges are threatening them in case of quality and quantity. One of the successful strategies for improving agricultural production and food supply is to preserve, maintain, and enrich the soil .Iran has an arid and semi-arid climate with an average rainfall of 240 mm per year, so improving water use efficiency and reducing the effects of water stress can help farmers increase their agricultural products. Another serious problem of Iranian agricultural system is the widespread application of chemical fertilizers in the recent decades, which has caused soil degradation and environmental pollution. Therefore, by addressing these two concerns, this research was to evaluate the possibility of reducing the unpleasant effects of water stress on sunflower using organic fertilizers of Vermicompost and Mineral Zeolite (Clinoptilolite).
Materials and methods
This study was conducted at the agricultural research farm of Tarbiat Modares University in Tehran, Iran (lattitude: 35° 44´N and longitude: 51° 10´E) during the growing season of 2010 to 2011. The factorial arrangement was done on Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The main-plot factors were different nutritional systems, such as, F1(0% vermicompost + 100% chemical (urea)+ 175% zeolite), F2 (25% vermicompost + 75% chemical (urea) + 150% zeolite), F3(50% vermicompost + 50% chemical (urea) + 125% zeolite), F4(75% vermicompost + 25% chemical + 100% zeolite); and sub-plot factors were deficit irrigation at three levels including control treatment (S1): 50% moisture depletion/moisture content (or, 50% FC), (S2): 60% moisture content (or, 40% FC) and (S3): 70% moisture content (or, 30% FC).
All the experimental plots were irrigated equally until the R4 phase. Irrigation regimes was set after R4 based on soil moisture reduction measured with a TDR device models trime_FM, and for more accurate results, a gravimetric soil moisture was used too. Chlorophyll extraction was performed by Arnon's (1949) standard method and was read with a spectrophotometer model (GBC-Cintra 6- Australia), at wavelengths of 663 and 645 nm. The proline content was extracted with Bates' (1973) method and was read with a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 520 nm. The protein content was measured using the standard Kjeldahl (1883) method. Also, seed oil content was measured using Soxhlet (Model No SCMS-F100-6H), and oil yield was calculated by multiplying the seed oil content in grain yield. Data were recorded in Microsoft Excel ver. 2010 and statistical analysis was done with SAS ver. 9.1 software. Means compared using LSD at the 1% probability level.
Results and Discussion
ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) results showed that the effect of stress/deficit irrigation, nutritional systems and their interactions were significant (P

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Chlorophyll
• Oil percentage
• Proline
• Sunflower
• yield

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