تأثیر دور آبیاری و کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد رویشی و زایشی ریحان (Ocimum basilicum L.) در منطقه‌ بیرجند

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• محمد جواد ثقه الاسلامی
• سید غلامرضا موسوی

دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی بیرجند

10.22067/jag.v5i4.32967

چکیده

به منظور مطالعه سطوح آبیاری و نیتروژن بر عملکرد رویشی و زایشی ریحان، آزمایش مزرعه ای در بیرجند (منطقه مود) در بهار و تابستان سال 1389 اجرا شد. آزمایش به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. کرت اصلی به دور آبیاری با دو سطح هفت و چهارده روز و کرت فرعی به مقدار نیتروژن با چهار سطح صفر (شاهد)، 50، 100 و 150 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار (به صورت اوره) اختصاص داشت. نتایج آنالیز واریانس داده ها نشان داد که سطوح آبیاری و کود نیتروژن بر اغلب صفات مورد مطالعه ریحان تأثیر معنی داری داشتند. عملکرد دانه با دور آبیاری هفت روز 5/34 گرم بر مترمربع بود که نسبت به دور آبیاری 14 روز حدود 4/18 درصد افزایش نشان داد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه در سطوح 150 و 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن به دست آمد که نسبت به شاهد 1/36 و 4/29 درصد بیشتر بود. عملکرد رویشی کل (3/153 گرم بر مترمربع) در مدار آبیاری یک هفته حدود 6/14 درصد نسبت به آبیاری هر دو هفته (8/133 گرم بر مترمربع) افزایش نشان داد. کاربرد 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن بیشترین زیست‌توده کل را ایجاد نمود و کمترین آن در سطوح صفر و 50 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن به‌دست آمد. تعداد سنبله در بوته فقط تحت تأثیر کاربرد سطوح کود قرار گرفت. تیمارهای آبیاری و کود نیتروژن اثری بر وزن دانه ریحان نداشتند. با افزایش دور آبیاری از یک هفته به دو هفته عملکرد برگ ریحان از 4/144 به 119 گرم در مترمربع (معادل 3/21 درصد) کاهش یافت. با افزایش میزان کاربرد کود نیتروژن عملکرد برگ و بخش رویشی روند افزایشی نشان دادند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• تغذیه
• عملکرد برگ
• گیاه دارویی

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عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of irrigation intervals and nitrogen fertilizer levels on vegetative and reproductive yields of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under Birjand conditions

نویسندگان [English]

• M.J. Seghatoleslami
• S.G.R. Mousavi

Islamic Azad University, Birjand Branch

چکیده [English]

In order to study the effect of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer levels on yield of basil, an experiment was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Birjand (Moud region) in 2010. Main plot factor was two irrigation levels (7 and 14 days interval) and nitrogen fertilizer (as urea) was considered as sub plot factor in four levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg.ha-1). Results indicated that treatments affected on majority studied traits of basil. Seed yield was increased in 7 days irrigation interval by 18.4% in compared to 14 days irrigation interval. The highest seed yield was achieved in 100 and 150 kg.ha-1 nitrogen fertilizers that were higher than control by 29.4 and 36.1%. Total biomass was 153.3 g.m-2 in 7 days irrigation interval in compared to 133.8 g.m-2 in 14 days irrigation treatment. The greatest total biomass was show in 150 kg.ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer and the lowest was resulted from 0 and 50 kg ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer levels. Ear number per plant was significantly affected by nitrogen fertilizer levels, but irrigation and fertilizer treatments had no significant effects on seed weight of basil. Increasing of irrigation intervals decreased the leaf yield of basil by 21.3%. Increasing of nitrogen application increased leaf and vegetative yields on basil.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Leaf yield
• Medicinal plant
• Nutrition

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