ارزیابی اثرات کاربرد کودهای آلی، زیستی و شیمیایی بر شاخص های رویشی و میزان اسانس گیاه دارویی گشنیز (L. Coriandrum sativum)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

به منظور مطالعه اثرات کاربرد منفرد و تلفیقی کودهای آلی، زیستی و شیمیایی بر عملکرد کمّی و کیفی شاخص های رویشی گیاه دارویی گشنیز (L. Coriandrum sativum)، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 90-1389 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد به صورت کرت های خرد شده در زمان در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و 12 تیمار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی عبارت بودند از: 1- کود زیستی میکوریزا (Glomus mosseae)، 2- کود زیستی بیوسولفور (Thiobacillus sp.) به همراه گوگرد آلی بنتونیت دار، 3- کود شیمیایی (NPK)، 4- کود گاوی، 5- ورمی‌کمپوست، 6- میکوریزا + کود شیمیایی، 7- میکوریزا + کود گاوی، 8- میکوریزا + ورمی‌کمپوست، 9- بیوسولفور + کود شیمیایی، 10- بیوسولفور + کود گاوی، 11- بیوسولفور + ورمی‌کمپوست و 12- شاهد. پیکر رویشی گیاه در مرحلة پنج درصد گلدهی و در دو چین (29 اردیبهشت و 15 خرداد) برداشت شد. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که بیشترین ارتفاع بوته (28 سانتی متر) و تعداد شاخه جانبی در بوته (2/5) در تیمار کاربرد تلفیقی کود زیستی بیوسولفور با کود گاوی و بیشترین مقدار عملکرد تر و خشک برگ، عملکرد تر و خشک کل و عملکرد خشک ساقه در تیمار مصرف منفرد کود شیمیایی بدست آمد. کاربرد منفرد کود زیستی بیوسولفور باعث افزایش نسبت برگ به ساقه (6) گردید. حداکثر مقادیر درصد و عملکرد اسانس با مصرف منفرد کود گاوی (به ترتیب با 2/0 درصد و 1753 گرم در هکتار) به دست آمد. بیشترین مقدار عملکرد تر برگ و نسبت برگ به ساقه در چین اول و بیشترین مقادیر ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه جانبی در بوته، عملکرد تر و خشک ساقه، درصد و عملکرد اسانس در چین دوم حاصل شد. به طور کلی نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که مصرف کود شیمیایی باعث افزایش عملکرد اندام رویشی گیاه و کاربرد کودهای آلی و زیستی باعث بهبود درصد و عملکرد اسانس گیاه دارویی گشنیز شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of organic, biological and chemical fertilizers on vegetative indices and essential oil content of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahsa Aghhavani Shajari
  • parviz Rezvani Moghaddam
  • Reza Ghorbani
  • Mehdi Nassiri Mahallati
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of single and combined application of organic, biological and chemical fertilizers on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of vegetative part of coriander, (Coriandrum sativum L.). The experiment was carried out as split plot in time based on Complete Randomized Block Design with three replications and 12 treatments at Research Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, during growing season of 2010-2011. Treatments included: (1) mycorrhiza (Glomus mosseae), (2) biosulfur (Thiobacillus sp.), (3) chemical fertilizer (NPK), (4) cow manure, (5) vermicompost, (6) mycorrhiza + chemical fertilizer, (7) mycorrhiza + cow manure, (8) mycorrhiza + vermicompost, (9) biosulfur + chemical fertilizer, (10) biosulfur + cow manure, (11) biosulfur + vermicompost and (12) control. Vegetative parts of coriander were cut at 5% of flowering stage in two dates (19 May and 5 June). Results showed that the highest plant height (28 cm) and lateral branches (5.2) were obtained in combined application of biosulfur with cow manure treatment. The highest fresh and dry leaf weight, fresh and dry matter yield and stem dry matter weight were obtained in single application of chemical fertilizer. Single application of biosulfur increased leaf/stem ratio. The highest essential oil percentage and essential oil yield were observed in cow manure treatment (0.2% and 1753 g.ha-1, respectively). The maximum leaf/stem ratio were observed in the first cutting, while the highest lateral branches, stem fresh and dry matter yield, essential oil percentage and essential oil yield were obtained in second cut. Overall, results of this study showed that the plant vegetative yield increased by using chemical fertilizer, while essential oil percentage and essential oil yield of coriander were improved by using organic and biological fertilizers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biosulfur
  • Cutting
  • Leaf stem ratio
  • Mycorrhiza
  • yield
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