تعیین ضریب گیاهی برنج، رقم‌های بینام و خزر با استفاده از لایسیمتر و کرت‌های کنترل شده در منطقه رشت

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی گیلان، گیلان، ایران

2 مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، رشت، ایران

چکیده

ارزیابی و تعیین نیاز آبی برنج که کشت عمده منطقه‌ رشت را تشکیل می‌دهد، از مسائل مهم مدیریت آب در این منطقه است. معادلاتی که برای محاسبه تبخیر- تعرق مرجع (ET0) استفاده می‌شوند، به‌دلیل ماهیت تجربی آن‌ها برای تمام شرایط اقلیمی مناسب نیستند. از این‌رو لازم است که معادله‌ مناسب هر منطقه مشخص شود. ضریب گیاهی (Kc) نیز پارامتری مهم برای تعیین مقدار تبخیر- تعرق هر گیاه و متعاقباً نیاز آبی گیاه می‌باشد. بدین منظور در این تحقیق، داده‌های تبخیر- تعرق برای گیاه چمن و برنج (رقم‌های بینام و خزر) در دوره‌های ده ‌روزه‌ خرداد تا شهریور در طی سه سال‌ زراعی متوالی در مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور با استفاده از لایسیمتر زهکش‌دار برداشت شد. مقدار تبخیر- تعرق گیاه مرجع محاسبه شده و با 16 معادله تجربی موجود در نرم‌افزار Ref-ETبرآورد شد و معنی دار بودن اختلاف آن‌ها با نرم‌افزار SPSS سنجیده شد، همچنین مقدار ضریب گیاهی برای هر رقم برنج نیز محاسبه شد. درکل، نتایج نشان داد که بین تبخیر- تعرق برآورد شده با فرمول‌های تجربی هارگریوز، پریستلی‌تیلور و پنمن (فائو 24) و تبخیر- تعرق اندازه گیری شده توسط لایسیمتر اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود ندارد و در بین این سه روش، فرمول تجربی هارگریوز به‌ عنوان مناسب‌ترین فرمول برای منطقه‌‌ رشت پیشنهاد شد، زیرا این روش برخلاف دو روش دیگر، روشی دمایی است و با توجه به پدیده گرمایش زمین، قادر است مقادیر تبخیر- تعرق را در آینده پیش بینی نماید. همچنین متوسط ضریب گیاهی (Kc) در سه سال اجرای طرح برای رقم خزر،10/1 و رقم بینام، 09/1 برآورد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Determining crop coefficient of Binam and Khazar cultivars of rice by lysimeter and controlled basins in Rasht region

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hedieh Pouryazdankhah 1
  • Teymoor Razavipour 2
  • Mohammad Reza Khaledian 1
  • Mojtaba Rezaei 2
1 Department of Water Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Iran
2 Researcher, Rice Research Institute, Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

Estimating and determining of rice water requirement, being the main cultivate of Rasht region, is crucial for devoting water to this region. Equations which are used to calculate the reference evapotranspiration (ET0) are not match to all climatic conditions, due to their empirical bases. So, it is necessary to clarify proper methods for each region. Crop coefficient (Kc) is also the main parameter for determining each plant’s potential evapotranspiration and subsequently plant water requirement. Hence in this study, evapotranspiration data for grass and rice i.e. Binam and Khazar cultivars were collected in Rice Research Institute of Rash, by using drainable lysimeter at ten-day periods during three consecutive crop seasons. The reference evapotranspiration were calculated and compared with 16 empirical equations results included in Ref-ET software. Significant differences of them have been evaluated using SPSS software. Also, the crop coefficient values were calculated for each variety of rice. In all three equations i.e. Hargreaves, Priestley-Taylor and Penman (FAO 24) have not shown any significant differences. Among three methods, Hargreaves equation is recommended for Rasht region because, this equation as compared with others is a temperature-based method and would consider global warming phenomenon. Also, the average of crop coefficient (Kc) for Khazar and Binam in three consecutive crop seasons were 1.10 and 1.09, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Hargreaves
  • Penman
  • Priestley-Taylor
  • Reference evapotranspiration
  • water requirement
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