مصرف باکتری‌های افزاینده رشد گیاه (PGPR)، نیتروژن و روی بر عملکرد دانه و جذب نیتروژن در کلزا (Brassica napus L.)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• ناهید جعفری ¹
• مسعود اصفهانی ¹
• علیرضا فلاح ²

¹ دانشگاه گیلان

² مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب کشور

10.22067/jag.v5i4.33081

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تأثیر مصرف توأم کودهای نیتروژن، سولفات روی و کود زیستی حاوی ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم و آزوسپیریلوم برازیلنس بر عملکرد دانه و کارایی مصرف نیتروژن در کلزا (Brassica napus L.) رقم هایولا 308، آزمایشی به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان در سال زراعی 87- 1386 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل چهار سطح کود نیتروژن (صفر، 50 ، 100 و 150 کیلوگرم) به عنوان عامل اصلی و دو عامل کود سولفات روی در دو سطح (صفر و 50 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و کود بیولوژیک در دو سطح (با و بدون کود بیولوژیک) به عنوان عوامل فرعی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که بین سطوح نیتروژن، کود زیستی و کود سولفات روی از نظر تأثیر بر تجمع و جذب نیتروژن در کلزا اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود داشت. بیشترین عملکرد دانه (2568 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمار 150 کیلوگرم در هکتارنیتروژن + کود زیستی + کود سولفات روی به دست آمد. بیشترین میزان نیتروژن گیاه (9/4 درصد) در مرحله رشدی روزت و بیشترین میزان نیتروژن دانه (6/3 درصد) در تیمار 150 کیلوگرم نیتروژن + کود سولفات روی + کود زیستی به دست آمد. بیشترین کارایی جذب و کارایی مصرف نیتروژن در تیمار 50 کیلوگرم نیتروژن + کود زیستی + کود سولفات روی (به ترتیب 86/0 و 6/29 کیلوگرم بر کیلوگرم) به-دست آمد. با توجه به معنی‌داربودن اثر متقابل کود زیستی و کود سولفات روی همراه با مقادیر کمتر کود نیتروژن و بیشترین کارایی جذب نیتروژن در این تیمارهای آزمایشی، به نظر می‌رسد که قابلیت جذب و استفاده از نیتروژن برای تشکیل دانه در حضور کودهای زیستی و کود سولفات روی برای گیاه کلزا بیشتربوده است. مهم‌ترین سازوکارهای تأثیر PGPRها عبارت است از افزایش فراهمی زیستی عناصر معدنی با تثبیت زیستی نیتروژن و محلول کردن فسفر و پتاسیم می‌باشد که موجب صرفه جویی در مصرف کود نیتروژن خواهد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• آزوسپیریلوم
• ازتوباکتر
• کارایی جذب نیتروژن
• کارایی مصرف نیتروژن

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عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) application, nitrogen and zinc sulphate fertilizer on yield and nitrogen uptake in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

نویسندگان [English]

• N. Jafari ¹
• M. Esfahani ¹
• A. Fallah ²

¹ University of Guilan

² Soil and Water Research Institute

چکیده [English]

In order to study the effects of simultaneous application of ZnSO4 and biological fertilizer, Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillum brasilense, on grain yield and nitrogen uptake efficiency in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), cv. Hyola308, a field experiment was conducted as split plot factorial based on randomized complete block design at research field of Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Iran, during growing season of 2007-2008. Results showed that urea fertilizer, ZnSO4 fertilizer and biological fertilizer had significant effects on nitrogen uptake and accumulation. Maximum grain yield (2568 kg.ha-1) were obtained in 150kgN + ZnSO4+ bio treatment. Maximum accumulation of nitrogen in rosette stage (4.9%) and nitrogen content of grain (3.6%) was obtained in 150 kg N.ha-1N + ZnSO4 + bio. Maximum Nitrogen uptake efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency (0.86 and 29.56 kg.kg-1, respectively) were obtained in 50 kgN.ha-1N + ZnSO4 + bio. In regard to significant effects of ZnSO4 and biological fertilizer with lower N rate and high nitrogen uptake efficiency of rapeseed, it seems that the ability of uptake and use of nitrogen fertilizers was greater for seed formation in the presence of ZnSO4 and biological fertilizer in rapeseed, cv. Hyola308. The most important of mechanisms of PGPRs is increase the bioavailability of mineral nutrients with biological nitrogen fixation and soluble phosphorus and potassium that lead to economize nitrogen fertilizer in rapeseed production and minimizing environmental pollution risk.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Azotobacter
• Azospirillum
• Nitrogen uptake efficiency
• Nitrogen use efficiency

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