اثر روش خاک‌ورزی و کوددهی بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی گیاه دارویی همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis L.)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• رضا طباطبایی ¹
• رضا توکل افشاری ¹
• محمد تقی ناصری پور یزدی ¹
• علیرضا کوچکی ¹
• نادر تنیده ²

¹ گروه زراعت و اصلاح و نباتات، دانشـکده کشـاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران

² گروه سلولهای بنیادی و فناوری ترانسژنیک، فارماکولوژی دانشکده پزشـکی، دانشـگاه علوم پزشکی شیراز، ایران

10.22067/jag.v9i1.53348

چکیده

مدیریت عناصر خاک با استفاده از کود‌های آلی و روش خاک‌ورزی از ارکان کشاورزی پایدار محسوب می‌شود. به منظور بررسی اثر روش خاک‌ورزی و کوددهی بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی گیاه همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis L.)، پژوهشی مزرعه‌ای در شهرستان شیراز، منطقه کاوه و در دو سال زراعی 1392 و 1393 در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار طراحی و اجرا گردید. تیمار‌ها شامل سه روش خاک‌ورزی (بدون خاک‌ورزی، کم خاک‌ورزی و خاک‌ورزی رایج) و چهار نوع منبع تأمین کننده نیتروژن (کود گاوی، ورمی‌کمپوست، کمپوست شهری و کود اوره) بودند که در قالب 12 تیمار در مزرعه اعمال شدند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر تیمار سامانه‌های متفاوت کشت بر وزن خشک و سطح برگ همیشه بهار در سطح یک درصد معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین وزن خشک بوته و سطح برگ در تیمار سامانه خاک‌ورزی رایج و کاربرد 165 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود اوره به دست آمد. در حالی‌که بیشترین وزن خشک گل و گلبرگ، تعداد گل، شاخص برداشت گل و عصاره گیاه دارویی همیشه بهار در تیمار سامانه کم خاک‌ورزی و کاربرد 80 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود اوره با 10 تن در هکتار کمپوست شهری به دست آمد. با توجه به نتایج مقایسات گروهی روش‌های خاک‌ورزی، روش‌های کم خاک‌ورزی در مقایسه با سایر روش‌های خاک‌ورزی باعث بهبود ویژگی‌های کمی و کیفی گیاه همیشه بهار شد. به طور کلی، می‌توان نتیجه‌گیری کرد که برای افزایش و بهبود خصوصیات کمی و کیفی گیاه همیشه بهار کاربرد توأم 80 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود شیمیایی اوره همراه با 10 تن در هکتار کمپوست شهری در قالب سامانه کم خاک‌ورزی قابل توصیه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• خاک‌ورزی کاهش یافته
• کمپوست شهری
• کود گاوی
• کود اوره
• ورمی‌کمپوست

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عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Tillage Systems and Fertilizer on Quality and Quantity of Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.)

نویسندگان [English]

• Reza Tabatabaee ¹
• Reza Tavakol Afshari ¹
• Mohammad Taghi Naseri Poor Yazdi ¹
• Alireza Koocheki ¹
• Nader Tanideh ²

¹ Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran

² Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
The marigold is a medicinal plant from Asteraceae family and widely used as a medicinal plant. The marigold extract is widely used in the traditional medicine and herbal therapy. According to previous studies on the medicinal plant in the natural and agricultural ecosystem, using the sustainable agricultural systems provides the best conditions for plant qualitative and quantitative production. So, the global approach in production of products especially medicinal plants is toward using the ecologic management methods in the format of sustainable agricultural systems. The objectives of this experiment were to study on the effect of using the nitrogen chemical fertilizers and the variety of composts in the format of different tillage systems on the leaf area, dry weight, flower yield and the extract yield of marigold plant.

Material and methods
A field experiment was conducted in order to assessing the effect of conventional farming, ecological management and semi ecological management systems on the dry weight and the height of plant, yield of flower, the percentage of extract and the essence of marigold, in two years of 2013 and 2014 in Fars province, Shiraz in the format of randomized complete block design with 4 replications and 12 treatments. All the data were submitted to an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Least Significant Different test (LSD) was used to verify the significant differences among treatment means at the 5% probability level.

Results and discussion
The results of analysis of variance showed that the effect of different farming systems treatment on vegetative and reproductive growth of marigold were significant (p≤0.01) (Table 3). For example, the highest dry weight and leaf area of marigold were obtained from the conventional tillage system treatment and 165 kg ha-1 urea fertilizer. Furthermore, the highest flower dry weight, the number of flower and flowers harvest index and extract yield of marigold were achieved by reduce tillage system and 80 kg ha-1 urea fertilizer and 10 ton ha-1 waste compost (Table4). It seems that the application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer could increase marigold vegetative growth due to increase of absorption and transfer of photo assimilate and transmission of growth-stimulating hormones to lateral and end meristems. Meanwhile, improving vegetative growth of marigold and increasing photo assimilate content can be achieve more reproductive growth. So, the management of nitrogen consumption should be in a way that the maximum economical performance will be obtained. The important point in this regard is creating appropriate balance between vegetative and reproductive growth of marigold, because from the beginning of flowering, vegetative and reproductive stages are done in parallel with each other (Daneshian et al., 2013). As a whole, in case of approving this study results by the future farm studies, it maybe recommendable that application of chemical fertilizer and compost at the same time in the format of reduce tillage system leads to increase of qualitative and quantitative performance of marigold plant.
Acknowledgements
At the end, I appreciate all the friends that help me for conducting this research.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Reduce tillage
• Waste compost
• Vermicompost
• Cow manure
• Urea fertilizer

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