اثر کشت مخلوط نواری ذرت (Zea mays L.) و لوبیا Phaseolus vulgaris L.)) بر عملکرد ماده خشک و نسبت برابری زمین در شرایط کنترل و عدم کنترل علف های هرز

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر کشت مخلوط نواری ذرت (Zea mays L.) و لوبیا Phaseolus vulgaris L.)) بر عملکرد ماده خشک و نسبت برابری زمین (LER) آزمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال زراعی 88-1387 انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل پنج سطح کشت مخلوط نواری با 2، 3، 4، 5 نوار و کشت خالص ذرت و لوبیا همراه با دو سطح کنترل و بدون کنترل علف های هرز به صورت طرح بلوک نواری در سه تکرار انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که روند تجمع مادة خشک ذرت و لوبیا تحت تأثیر تیمارهای مختلف کشت مخلوط قرار گرفت. بیشترین میزان تجمع مادة خشک در تیمار نوار 2 ردیفی و کمترین آن در کشت خالص بود، بنابراین با افزایش عرض نوار تجمع مادة خشک به تدریج کاهش یافت. علف های هرز، هم از طریق اثر بر سرعت تجمع ماده خشک و هم از طریق تاثیر بر مقدار تجمع ماده خشک باعث کاهش رشد شدند. عملکرد ماده خشک مخلوط نسبت به کشت خالص در ردیف های حاشیه ای در تمامی تیمارها بیشتر از ردیف های مرکزی بود. در ردیف های حاشیه ای، وجود علف هرز عملکرد بیولوژیک ذرت، لوبیا و مخلوط را به ترتیب به میزان 7/18، 5/23 و 3/20 درصد نسبت به شرایط عاری از علف هرز کاهش داد. این کاهش در ردیف های مرکزی معادل 6/29، 3/21 و 3/27 درصد بود. در تمامی تیمارهای مخلوط نواری، نسبت برابری زمین بیشتر از کشت خالص(LER>1) بود و با افزایش عرض نوار مقدار آن کاهش یافت. در ردیف های حاشیه ای، LER مخلوط در حضور علف های هرز به میزان 29/0 افزایش یافت که این مقدار در ردیف های مرکزی برابر 21/0 بود. این امر نشاندهنده توانایی بالقوه کشت مخلوط در رقابت با علف های هرز بدون استفاده از وجین و یا علفکش ها است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of strip intercropping of maize (Zea mays L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on yield and land equivalent ratio in weedy and weed free conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Koocheki
  • Mehdi Nassiri Mahallati
  • Hasan Feizi
  • Shahram Amirmoradi
  • Farzad Mondani
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to study the effect of strip intercropping of maize (Zea mays L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on the dry matter yield and land equivalent ratio (LER) in weedy and weed free treatments, an experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Station of College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. Treatments were strip width of 2, 3, 4 and 5 rows and sole cropping of each crop. In addition two levels of weedy and weed free as strips were also included. Results indicated that treatments affected dry matter accumulation of maize and bean. The highest dry matter accumulation found in two strip widths and sole crop showed the lowest. Thus by increasing strip width dry matter was decreased. Weeds decreased dry matter accumulation by reduction of both rate and content of dry matter. Increasing of strip width reduced dry matter yield of maize and bean, and two strip widths showed the highest dry matter yield. Dry matter yield in intercropping treatments were more than sole crops in all side rows. In side rows, weeds reduced biological yield of sole stand of maize, bean and intercropped by 18.7, 23.5 and 20.3 percent compared to weed free treatments respectively. In central rows these values were 29.6, 21.3 and 27.3 percent, respectively. Land equivalent ratio in strip intercropped was more than sole crops and was reduced with increasing strip width. Intercropped LER in weedy treatment enhanced 29 percent in side rows and 21 percent in central rows.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Competition
  • Integrated Management
  • Nitrogen Fixation
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