مقایسه تاثیرکودهای آلی و شیمیایی بر عملکرد و درصد اسانس گیاه دارویی ریحان ) (Ocimum basilicum L.

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

امروزه برای داشتن یک نظام کشاورزی پایدار، استفاده از نهاده‌هایی که جنبه های اکولوژیکی نظام را بهبود بخشند و مخاطرات محیطی را کاهش دهند ضروری به نظر میرسد. در این راستا آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با شش تیمارکودی و سه تکرار در سال زراعی 88-1387 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد بر روی گیاه دارویی ریحان ) (Ocimum basilicum L. انجام شد. تیمارها شامل تیمار شاهد (عدم کود دهی)، کود گاوی، کود گوسفندی، کود مرغی، ورمی‌کمپوست و کود شیمیایی بود. نتایج نشان دهنده برتری معنی دار کود آلی نسبت به شاهد و شیمیایی در بسیاری از صفات اندازه گیری شده بود. گیاهان تحت تیمار ورمی‌کمپوست ارتفاع بوته، عملکرد برگ، عملکرد تر و خشک اندامهای هوایی بیشتری در مقایسه با سایر تیمارها برخوردار بودند. از لحاظ درصد اسانس برگ تفاوت معنیداری بین تیمارها ملاحظه نشد. تیمار کود گاوی از لحاظ عملکرد اسانس برگ دارای بیشترین مقدار بود. در بین چین‌ها، بیشترین عملکرد برگ و عملکرد تر و خشک اندامهای هوایی در چین سوم مشاهده شد. بیشترین مقدار درصد اسانس برگ در چین اول و بیشترین عملکرد اسانس برگ در چین سوم که دارای بیشترین عملکرد برگ، بدست آمد. نتایج نشان داد که کود شیمیایی از نظر تأثیر بر تمام صفات اندازه‌گیری شده، به جز شاخص سطح سبز و وزن تر وخشک برگ در بوته، تفاوت معنی‌داری با شاهد نداشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison the effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on yield and essential oil percentage of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyyed Mohammad Kazem Tahami
  • Parviz Rezvani Moghaddam
  • Mohsen Jahan
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to have a sustainable agriculture it is necessary to use environmental friendly inputs to improve ecological aspects of environment. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a medicinal and vegetable crop which is cultivated in different parts of the world. An experiment was conducted at Research Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, in year 2009. A complete randomized block design with six treatments, and three replications was used. The treatments were: control (no fertilizer), cow manure, sheep manure, hen manure, vermin-compost and NPK fertilizers. Results showed that all studied organic manures were high in measured characters in compare with chemical fertilizer. The highest plant height, leaf yield, fresh and dry matter were obtained at vermicompost. Treatments have no significant affect on Essential oil percentage. The highest essential oil yield was obtained in cow manure treatments. Third cut and the first cut had the maximum and the minimum of leaf yield, fresh and dry shoot yield, respectively. Essential oil percentage in the first cut was significantly more than other cuts, but essential oil yield, were the highest in third cut because this cut produced highest leaf yield. There was no significant difference between chemical fertilizers and control treatment in all characters except green area index and fresh and dry leaf weight in a plant.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cow manure
  • Ecological input
  • Medicinal plant
  • Sheep manure
  • Vermicompost
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