بررسی رقابت چند گونه ای و پویایی فصلی جمعیت علف های هرز در مزرعه ذرت (Zea mays L.)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• سجاد میجانی
• علی قنبری
• مهدی نصیری محلاتی

گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

10.22067/jag.v6i3.43407

چکیده

به منظور بررسی رقابت چند گونه ای علف های هرز در مزرعه ذرت (.Zea mays L)، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 89-1388 به صورت پیمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد انجام شد. بیست کوادرات غیرتخریبی در مرحله 4-3 برگی ذرت، مستقر و در آن تراکم علف های هرز به تفکیک گونه شمارش شد. همزمان با نمونه های غیرتخریبی، 20 کوادارت تخریبی برداشت و علاوه بر شمارش بوته ها، شاخص سطح برگ و وزن خشک هر گونه جداگانه اندازه گیری شد. با استفاده از اطلاعات بدست آمده از آن، توابع هایپربولیک که در آن تعداد هر گونه به عنوان متغیرمستقل و وزن خشک یا سطح برگ هر گونه به عنوان متغیروابسته در نظر گرفته شده بود، برازش داده شد. به کمک این توابع وزن خشک و سطح برگ هر گونه در کوادرات های غیرتخریبی در این مرحله تعیین شد. سطح برگ نسبی اول فصل گونه ها به عنوان متغیرمستقل و لگاریتم طبیعی وزن تک بوته آخر فصل هر یک از گونه ها به عنوان متغیروابسته در رگرسیون چندگانه خطی برازش داده شد تا ضرایب رقابتی گونه ها بر یکدیگر بدست آید. تابع لگاریتم طبیعی وزن تک بوته نشان داد که تداخل علف‌های هرز در ذرت با توجه به ضرایب معادله به دو گروه کاهنده (ضریب منفی) و تسهیل-کننده (ضریب مثبت) تقسیم می‌شوند. از بین گونه های موجود، علف های هرز تاجریزی (Solanum nigrum L.)، تاج خروس خوابیده (Amaranthus blitoides S.wats) و سلمه تره (Chenopodium album L.) به ترتیب بیشترین تأثیر مثبت را بر ذرت اعمال کردند. در واقع این علف های هرز بخاطر رقابت و تأثیر منفی بر سایر گونه ها نقش تسهیل کنندگی در عملکرد ذرت داشته‌اند. در پایان فصل رشد گیاه زراعی، از جمعیت سلمه تره و خرفه (Porrtulaca oleracea L.) کاسته و بر جمعیت سوروف (Echinochloa crus-galli L.)، تاج خروس وحشی و تاجریزی افزوده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• تسهیل
• رقابت
• ضرایب رقابتی
• لگاریتم طبیعی وزن تک بوته

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عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of multi-species weed competition and weeds population dynamic in corn )Zea mays L.) field

نویسندگان [English]

• Sشتشی Mijani
• Ali Ghanbari
• Mehdi Nassiri Mahallati

Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

چکیده [English]

In order to examine the multi-species weed competition in corn field an experiment as an interval mapping was carried out at the Agricultural Research field of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad during growing season 2009-2010. At 3-4 leafy stages of corn, 20 non-destructive quadrates determine and the density of weeds was counted separately. At the same time, 20 destructive quadrates determine and in addition of counting number of plants, leaf area index and dry weight of each species were recorded separately. By using data from previous section, hyperbolic functions were fitted. In these functions number of species serve as the independent variable, weight or leaf area was considered as the dependent variable. With the help of these functions and leaf dry weight of each species was determined for non-destructive quadrates at this stage. Relative leaf area at early season as independent variables and natural logarithm of individual plant weight at later season as dependent variable in a multiple linear regression was fitted to obtain the interspecies competition coefficients. Based on ln of weight of single plant equation the weed interference effects on the corn yield can be divided into two groups: inhibition (negative sign) and stimulation (positive sign). Among all weeds, night shade (Solanum nigrum L.), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and lambsquarter (Chenopodium album L.) had positive effects on corn yield, respectively. In fact, these weeds had competition and negative impacts on other weeds and reduced their competition power with corn and caused facilitation role on corn yield. At the end of growing season of corn, population of lambsquarter and Common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) decreased while population of barnyard grass(Echinochloa crus-galli L.), redroot pigweed and night shade increased.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Competition
• Competition coefficient
• Facilitation
• Natural logarithm of individual plant weight

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