ارزیابی صفات کیفی شلغم علوفه‌ای (Brassica rapa var. rapa) در کشت مخلوط با ریحان (Ocimum basilicum) تحت تأثیر کاربرد بیوچار و ورمی‌کمپوست

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران

2 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران

3 مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، پژوهشکده گیاهان دارویی جهاد دانشگاهی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

این پژوهش دو ساله بر روی عملکرد کیفی شلغم علوفه­ای (Brassica rapa var. rapa) به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی کرج در سال­های (1398- 1397) انجام شد. با افزایش نسبت ریحان (Ocimum basilicum) در کشت مخلوط، رنگیزه­های فتوسنتزی، قندهای محلول، کاتالاز، رطوبت نسبی برگ شلغم علوفه­ای افزایش یافتند و همچنین موجب افزایش تنفس خاک و کاهش شاخص پایداری غشا گردید. مصرف بیوچار و همچنین ورمی­کمپوست در سطح 5/18 تن در هکتار موجب افزایش کیفیت برگ شلغم علوفه­ای، تنفس خاک و کاهش شاخص پایداری غشا شد. برهم‌کنش کشت مخلوط (70 درصد شلغم علوفه­ای+ 30 درصد ریحان) × ورمی­کمپوست 5/18 تن در هکتار × کاربرد بیوچار منجر به افزایش کلروفیل a 51/148 درصد، کلروفیل b 93/130 درصد، کلروفیل کل 48/134 درصد، کاروتنوئید 94/214 درصد، رطوبت نسبی برگ 31/50 درصد، قندهای محلول 26/89 درصد، کاتالاز 200 درصد، و کاهش شاخص پایداری غشا 16/192 درصد نسبت به شاهد (شلغم علوفه­ای 100 درصد (تک کشتی)× ورمی­کمپوست 15 تن در هکتار × عدم مصرف بیوچار) شد. بیشترین مقدار تنفس خاک نیز مربوط به برهم‌کنش ورمی­کمپوست 5/18تن در هکتار×کشت مخلوط 70 درصد شلغم علوفه­ای+ 30 درصد ریحان 54/154 درصد، کشت مخلوط 70 درصد شلغم علوفه­ای+ 30 درصد ریحان و بیوچار 90/190 درصد و همچنین برهم‌کنش بیوچار و ورمی­کمپوست 5/18تن در هکتار × بیوچار 75/93 درصد نسبت به شاهد بود. کاربرد توأم نسبت کاشت70 درصد شلغم علوفه­ای + 30 درصد ریحان در ورمی­کمپوست 5/18 تن در هکتار و بیوچار پنج تن در هکتار بهترین تیمار این پژوهش بوده و قابل توصیه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Qualitative Traits of Forage Turnip (Brassica rapa var. rapa) in Intercropping with Basil (Ocimum basilicum) and Influence of Biochar and Vermicompost Application

نویسندگان [English]

  • Roma Kalhor Monfared 1
  • Mohammad reza Ardakani 2
  • Farzad Paknejad 1
  • Mansor Sarajuoghi 1
  • Hassanali Naghdibadi 3
1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Karaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
2 Department of Agronomy, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
3 Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction
Intercropping reduces the application of chemical pesticides to control pests and weeds, reducing the environmental risks associated with chemical pesticide application (Himmelstein et al., 2017). Biochar is a soil amendment because of its potential to retain water and nutrients, prevent nitrogen leaching, increase soil fertility, and improve plant growth (Fang et al., 2018; Munoz et al., 2016). Other benefits of vermicompost are increased stability of soil resources, maintenance of production, reduction of environmental pollution, and increased soil biological activity too (Demir, 2019). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of forage turnip (Brassica rapa var. rapa) leaves in different intercropping ratios of forage turnip and basil (Ocimum basilicum) using biochar as soil amendment and vermicompost.
 
Materials and Methods
A biennial study was conducted on the quality performance of forage turnip (Brassica rapa var. Rapa) in the form of split-plot factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research farm of Islamic Azad University of Karaj in two years (2018-2019). The treatments of this study include: intercropping in four ratio (100% forage turnip (monoculture), 90% forage turnip + 10% basil, 80% forage turnip + 20% basil, 70% forage turnip + 30% basil), in main plots, and vermicompost in two levels (15, 18.5 ton.ha-1) and biochar in two levels (No consumption and 5 ton.ha-1) which was placed in subplots. The forage turnip cultivar was PacFB05. In this study, Photosynthetic pigments were measured by the Arnon  (1967) method, membrane permeability (Ferrat and Loval, 1999), relative moisture content (Bertin et al., 1996), soluble leaf sugars (Sheligl, 1986), catalase (Dazy et al., 2008) and soil respiration (Isermeyer, 1952). Using SAS software (Ver.9) for data analysis of a two-year experiment and analysis of means was done with Duncan’s test in significance at 5% probability level. Excel software was used to plot the graphs.
 
Results and Discussion
The results of this study indicated that by increasing the ratio of basil in intercropping, the quality traits of forage turnip leaves increased. Consumption of biochar and application of vermicompost at the level of 18.5 ton.ha-1 increased the quality of forage turnip leaves. The highest chlorophyll a ((17.52 mg.g-1Fw), chlorophyll b (8.76 mg.g-1Fw) total chlorophyll (26.38 mg.g-1Fw), carotenoids (6.91 mg.g-1Fw), relative water content (59.54%), of soluble sugars (69.43%), catalase (0.018 micromole Fresh weight/min) were due to the interaction of (70% forage turnip + 30% basil) × vermicompost 18.5 ton ha-1 × application of biochar. The highest value of membrane stability index was related to 100% forage turnip × vermicompost 15 ton ha-1 (4.85 (mol.ml-1.s-1)). The highest amount of soil respiration is associated with the interaction of vermicompost 18.5 ton.ha-1 × 70% forage turnip + 30% basil with value of 0.28 (micromole.gsoil-1.hour-1)), interaction of biochar ×70% forage turnip + 30% basil (0.32 (micromole.gsoil-1.hour-1)), and interaction of vermicompost of 18.5 ton.ha-1 × biochar 0.31 (micromole. g soil-1.hour-1). Due to the potential of biochar (water and food retention and prevent of nitrogen leaching) it can increase the availability of water and nutrients for the plant, which leads to increased photosynthesis of the plant and thus the quality of forage turnip leaves (Akhtar et al., 2015; Hammer et al., 2015). Vermicompost increases soil organic matter and the uptake of zinc, copper, iron, phosphorus, potassium, and nitrogen in soil. The presence of these elements in the soil and their absorption by the roots increases vegetative growth and leaf production in the plant, which causes the level of light absorption, photosynthetic level, the formation of hydrocarbons in the leaves, and the resulting growth also increases leaf quality (Theunissen et al., 2010).
 
Conclusion
The results of this study indicated that the application of vermicompost ​​18.5 ton ha-1 and biochar increased forage turnip quality, which is due to the availability of water and nutrients for forage turnip. The best intercropping ratio was related to 70% forage turnip + 30% basil, which can be said to be due to the increase in the percentage of basil and the competition of plants for better use of intercropping components of growth sources such as light, water, and food.



 
 



 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Catalase activity
  • Chlorophyll
  • Membrane stability index
  • Relative water content
  • Soluble sugars

©2023 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source.

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 15 بهمن 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 16 خرداد 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 18 خرداد 1401
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