ارزیابی جذب و کارایی مصرف نور در کشت مخلوط ذرت (Zea mays L.) وسیب زمینی Solanum tuberosum L.))

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• فرزاد حسین پناهی
• علیرضا کوچکی
• مهدی نصیری محلاتی
• رضا قربانی

گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

10.22067/jag.v2i1.7598

چکیده

تجمع مادة خشک گیاهان ارتباط خطی با تشعشع فعال فتوسنتزی (PAR) تجمعی دارد و یکی از راههای افزایش جذب تشعشع در سیستم های زراعی استفاده از کشت مخلوط است. بعلاوه کشت مخلوط ممکن است کارایی مصرف نور گیاهان را نیز بهبود ببخشد. این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی جذب و کارایی مصرف نور ذرت (Zea mays L.) و سیب زمینی Solanum tuberosum L.)) در کشت مخلوط انجام گرفته است. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل: تک‌کشتی ذرت (MC)، تک‌کشتی سیب‌زمینی (MP)، کشت مخلوط نواری (S)، کشت مخلوط I25، I50، I75 (به ترتیب با 25% ، 50% و 75% همپوشانی ردیف های ذرت و سیب‌زمینی در تیمار نواری) و کشت مخلوط ردیفی(R) بودند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که کارایی مصرف نور ذرت در تمام تیمارهای مخلوط نسبت به تک کشتی افزایش پیدا کرد، در حالیکه کارایی مصرف نور سیب زمینی در کشت مخلوط کاهش یافت. میانگین کارایی مصرف نور ذرت در طول فصل رشد از 65/2 در تیمار MC تا 27/3 گرم بر مگاژول تشعشع فعال فتوسنتزی در تیمار R و میانگین کارایی مصرف نور سیب زمینی نیز از 27/1 در تیمار R تا 47/1 گرم بر مگاژول تشعشع فعال فتوسنتزی در MP متغیر بود. در کل هر چه مخلوط از آرایش ردیفی، که فاصلة ردیف های ذرت در آن دو برابر کشت خالص بود، به سمت آرایش نواری،‌ که فاصلة ردیف های ذرت در آن مشابه تک کشتی بود، تمایل پیدا کرد (یعنی به ترتیب تیمار کشت مخلوط ردیفی، I75، I50، I25، و کشت مخلوط نواری) کارایی مصرف نور نیز به تدریج کاهش یافت، زیرا تعداد ردیف هایی که فاصلة آنها دو برابر کشت خالص شد کاهش پیدا کرد. هرچه آرایش مخلوط از نواری به سمت ردیفی تمایل پیدا کرد (یعنی به ترتیب تیمارهای I25، I50، I75، و کشت مخلوط ردیفی) تعداد ردیف های بیشتری از سیب زمینی در زیر سایة مستقیم ذرت قرار گرفت و این مسئله سبب کاهش تدریجی کارایی مصرف نور شد. جهت حصول نتایج بهتر پیشنهاد می شود که تراکم های مختلف این دو گیاه و همچنین سیستم های تأخیری مورد ارزیابی قرار بگیرد..

کلیدواژه‌ها

• تشعشع فعال فتوسنتزی
• سایه اندازی
• کشت مخلوط ردیفی
• کشت مخلوط نواری

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عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of radiation absorption and use efficiency in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) /corn (Zea mays L.) intercropping

نویسندگان [English]

• Farzad Hossein Panahi
• Alireza Koocheki
• Mehdi Nassiri Mahallati
• Reza Ghorbani

Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran

چکیده [English]

Plant dry matter accumulation has a linear relation with accumulative photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Intercropping could be a strategy for increasing light absorption in agronomic systems and it may improve radiation use efficiency (RUE). Thus this study was conducted in order to evaluate radiation absorption and use efficiency in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) –corn (Zea mays L.) intercropping. The experimental treatments were consisted of monocropping corn (MC), monocropping potato (MP), strip intercropping (S), intercropping with three different patterns (I25, I50 and I75 are 25%, 50% and 75% overlaps of corn and potato rows in strip treatment, respectively) and row intercropping (R). Results showed that corn RUE increased in all intercropping treatments compared with mono-cropping plots while potato RUE reduced in the intercropping plots. Mean of corn RUE in growing season was from 2.65 g.MJ-1 in the MC up to 3.27 g.mJ-1 in the R. Mean of potato RUE was from 1.27 g.MJ-1 in the R to 1.47 g.MJ-1 in MP treatment. With shifting row intercropping, where row spacing was doubled compared with mono-crop corn plots, towards strip intercropping, where distance of rows was similar to mono-crop corn plots, RUE decreased. This could be due to decreasing the number of rows that their distances were double of mono-crop plots. Moreover, with shifting from strip intercropping towards row intercropping (i.e. I25, I50, I75 and R treatment, respectively), the number of potato rows that were under the corn direct shading increased and this resulted to decreasing potato RUE. Further studies on the effects of various densities of potato and corn plants and delayed intercropping systems for these crops are required.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Photosynthetic active radiation
• Row intercropping
• Shading
• Strip intercropping

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