تأثیر کشت پرتراکم و عمق کاشت بنه بر ویژگی های زراعی زعفران (Crocus sativus L.) و رفتار بنه‌ها

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد گرگان، گرگان، ایران

3 دانشگاه پیام نور واحد سبزوار، سبزوار، ایران

4 دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر تراکم و عمق کاشت بر خصوصیات زراعی زعفران (Crocus sativus L.)، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال های زراعی 1387-1388 و 1388-1389 در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل تراکم کاشت در شش سطح 8، 11 ، 13، 16، 19 و 21 تن بنه در هکتار و عمق کاشت در سه سطح 10، 15 و 20 سانتی متر از سطح خاک بود. نتایج نشان داد که گلدهی زعفران در سال دوم در مقایسه با سال اول افزایش یافت. بیشترین و کمترین تعداد گل، وزن خشک گلبرگ و وزن خشک کلاله به ترتیب در عمق کاشت 15سانتیمتر و 10 سانتیمتر مشاهده شد. با افزایش تراکم بنه، تعداد گل، وزن خشک گلبرگ و وزن خشک کلاله به طور معنی داری افزایش یافت و بیشترین تعداد گل، وزن خشک گلبرگ و وزن خشک کلاله در تراکم های 19 و 21 تن بنه در هکتار مشاهده شد. بیشترین عملکرد گل و کلاله در سال زراعی دوم و در تیمار تراکم 19 تن در هکتار با عمق کاشت 15 سانتیمتر از سطح خاک بدست آمد. بیشترین و کمترین تعداد بنه تولید شده در تراکم 21 و 8 تن در هکتار به ترتیب با 17/213 و 22/80 بنه در متر مربع دیده شد، اما بیشترین وزن خشک بنه در تیمار 11 تن در هکتار بدست آمد. بیشترین تعداد بنه در عمق کاشت 10سانتیمتر و کمترین آن نیز در عمق کاشت 20 سانتیمتر وجود داشت. اما بیشترین و کمترین وزن خشک بنه در عمق کاشت 20 سانتیمتر و 10 سانتیمتر به ترتیب با 07/164 و 33/147 گرم در متر مربع بدست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of high density and depth of planting on agronomic characteristic of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and corms behavior

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Koocheki 1
  • Asieh Siahmarguee 2
  • Gholsoomeh Azizi 3
  • Maryam Jahani Kondori 4
1 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
2 Islamic Azad University, Gorgan Branch, Gorgan, Iran
3 Payame Noor University, Sabzevar Center, Sabzevar , Iran
4 Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effect of high density and depth of planting on agronomic characteristic of Saffron, a field experiment was conducted as a complete randomized block design with three replications in Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran during two growing seasons of 2008-2009 and 2009-2010. Treatments were six levels of high densities (8, 11, 13, 16, 19 and 21 ton corms per hectare) and three planting depths (5, 10 and 15 cm). Results indicated that the flowering rate increased in the second year and maximum and minimum of flower number, dry weight of flower and stigma were observed in 10 cm and 5 cm planting depth, respectively. With increasing corm density, flower number, dry weight of flower and stigma were increased significantly and maximum flower number, dry weight of flower and stigma were obtained in 19 and 21 tone corm per hectare. Result of this study showed that the maximum flower and stigma yield was obtained with 10cm planting depth and 19 t.ha-1. The highest and lowest number of corms observed in 21 and 8 t.ha-1 corms planting with 213.17 and 80.22 corms in m2, respectively; however, the maximum dry weight of corm was obtained in 11 tone corms per hectare. The maximum and the minimum of corm number was found in 5 cm and 15 cm planting depth but the highest and lowest dry weights of corm was obtained in 15 cm and 5cm planting depth, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Corm yield
  • High density planting
  • Planting depth
  • Stigma and flower yield
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