نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی،دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
2 گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Introduction
At present, farmers are facing problems of shrinking landholding size, degradation of natural resources, climatic vulnerabilities and low financial returns due to escalating cost of cultivation and inefficient utilization of agroinputs. Thus, production per unit area of land, time and inputs needs to be improved by efficiently capturing the solar energy and carbon dioxide for conversion into economic product. In recent years, there has been increased interest in agricultural production systems in order to achieve high productivity and promote sustainability over time. Intercropping as a common method in sustainable agricultural systems, plays an important role in increasing productivity and yield stability to improve utilization of resources. One of the most important benefits of intercropping is increasing production per unit area compared with sole cropping. The reason for increasing the yield in the intercropping is the better use of environmental factors such as water, nutrients and light. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of mixed and row intercropping on yield and yield component of sunflower, cotton and fodder beet.
Materials and Methods
In order to study the effects of mixed and row intercropping of cotton, sunflower and fodder beet on yield and yield components in three species, a split-plot experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replicates was performed in research farm of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2017-2018. Cropping pattern (mixed or row intercropping) was allocated to the main plots and different planting ratios (50% Cotton +37.5% Sunflower +12.5% fodder beet, 50% Cotton +37.5% fodder beet +12.5% Sunflower, 33.3% Cotton +33.3% Sunflower +33.3% fodder beet, sole cropping of Cotton, sole cropping of Sunflower and sole cropping of fodder beet) were assigned to the sub-plots. Yield and yield component, indices such as Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) and Water Use Efficiency (WUE) were measured. For analyzing data, SAS ver.9.1 was used and mean comparison was performed based on Duncan test.
Results and Discussion
The results indicated that in intercropping of cotton, fodder beet and sunflower and in all plant ratios, the total LER was more than one. The highest LER was obtained in 50% cotton + 37.5% sunflower + 12.5% fodder beet ratio and in both mixed and row intercropping patterns. The lowest LER was observed in ratio of 50% cotton + 37.5% fodder beet + 12.5% sunflower and in mixed intercropping pattern. The highest amount of LER in cotton was obtained in ratio of 50% cotton + 37.5% fodder beet + 12.5% sunflower and in both methods of mixed and row intercroping and in ratio of 50% cotton + 37.5% sunflower + 12.5 % fodder beet was obtained in row intercroping pattern. In 33.3% cotton + 33.3% fodder beet + 33.3% sunflower ratio, cotton had the lowest partial LER in both mix and row intercroping patterns. Among different ratios of cotton planting, sole cropping with 0.32 kg / m3 had the highest and ratio of 33.3% cotton + 33.3% fodder beet + 33.3% sunflower, with 0.13 kg / m3, had the lowest water use efficiency.
Conclusions
Due to the different morphology, phenology and growth type of plants used in the present study, it seems that the intercropping of cotton-sunflower and fodder beet can increase the efficiency of using resources, especially water. So intercropping is one of the highly promising approaches for enhancing agricultural productivity and profitability that can provide sustainability in agricultural ecosystem. Intercropping reduces the risk of crop failure, improves productivity per unit area, improves profitability and can provide a pathway to food security in vulnerable production systems.
Acknowledgements
This research (Grant No. 47291), was funded by Vice Chancellor for Research of the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, which is hereby acknowledged.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
©2023 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source.
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