بررسی تنوع گونه ای، ساختاری و کارکردی جوامع علف های هرز باغات پسته (Pistacia vera L.) شهرستان بردسکن

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• صغری الهی
• رضا صدرآبادی حقیقی
• لیلا علیمرادی

10.22067/jag.v2i4.8786

چکیده

به منظور بررسی ساختار و تنوع گونه ای جوامع علف های هرزباغات پسته بردسکن، تعداد 33 باغ از 12 روستای این شهرستان در سال زراعی 87-88 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نمونه برداری با توجه به مساحت باغ ها بطور تصادفی و براساس الگویW با استفاده از کوادرات های 1×1 متر مربعی انجام شد. در این تحقیق 44 گونه علف هرز از 15 خانواده گیاهی شناسائی شد که در بین آنها تعداد گونه های دو لپه ای (31 گونه) بیشتر از تک لپه ای ها (13 گونه ) بود. هم چنین در این جامعه تعداد 26 گونه علف هرز سه کربنه و 18 گونه علف هرز چهار کربنه و 28 گونه علف هرز یک ساله و 13 گونه علف هرز چند ساله مشاهده شد. خانواده های Chenopodiaceae و Poaceae با 9 و 12 گونه به ترتیب بیشترین غنای گونه ای را در خانواده های دو لپه ای و تک لپه ای داشتند. مهمترین علف های هرز تک لپه یکساله شامل سوروف)، علف انگشتی sanguinalis(L.)Scop.) Digitaria (، دم روباهی سبز) Setaria viridis(L.)Beauv. ( بودند. علف های هرز اویار سلام(Cyperus rotundus L.) ، پنجه مرغی (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (Bogdan)) و پیچک (Convolvulus arvensis L.) مهمترین علف های هرز چند ساله بودند. باغات مورد بررسی از نظر میانگین تراکم، فراوانی و یکنواختی علفهای هرز درسطح تشابه 75 % در هفت خوشه و از نظر میانگین تراکم نسبی، فراوانی نسبی و یکنواختی نسبی گونه ها در هشت خوشه قرارگرفتند. دامنه تغییرات شاخص تنوع شانون وینر بین 3/2 و16/0 و دامنه تغییرات شاخص غالبیت سیمپسون بین97/0 و17/0 بود. تفاوت در شاخص های تنوع گونه ای و غالبیت خوشه ها با میزان و نوع عملیات مدیریتی در باغات ارتباط داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• شاخص تنوع شانون وینر
• شاخص غالبیت سیمپسون
• فراوانی نسبی
• غنای گونه ای
• یکنواختی

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عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of special, functional and structural diversity of weeds community in pistachios (Pistacia vera L.) orchards of Bardaskan County

نویسندگان [English]

• S. Elahi
• R. Sadrabadi Haghighi
• L. Alimoradi

چکیده [English]

To study weed species diversity and community structure in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) orchards in 33 orchards of 12 villages an investigation was conducted in Bardaskan County, Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran during 2008-2009. Weed population sampling was conducted in a w shape method using 1m² quadrate. The results showed that the weeds of pistachio orchards were belonging to 15 families and 44 species. dicotyledons (31 species) were more than monocotyledons (13 species). Such as in this community, weed species of C3, C4, annual and perennial were 26, 18, 28 and 13, respectively. The majority of weed species were belonging to the plant families of chenopodiceae (9 species) and poaceae (12 species) amongst dicotyledons and monocotyledons, respectively. the most important species of monocotyledon annual weeds were including Echinochloa crus-gali, Digitaria sanguinlis, Setaria viridis and perennial weeds were including Cyperus routundus, Cynodon dactylon and convolvulus arvensis. Weed species were grouped in seven clusters for density average, frequency and uniformity (similarity 75 percent) whereas in eight clusters for relative density average, relative frequency and relative uniformity (similarity 75 percent). Amplitude changes of Shannon-winter diversity index were between 2.3 and 0.16 and of Simpson dominant index were between 0.97 and 0.17. The difference among indices of biodiversity and dominant clusters were relative to scale and type of management practices.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Frequency
• Shannon-Weiner index
• Simpson index
• Uniformity

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