30 سال پژوهش های زراعی در ایران: 2- بررسی وضعیت اخلاق پژوهش

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه زراعت و اصلاح و نباتات، دانشـکده کشـاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

در طی سه دهۀ گذشته انتشار مقالات علمی– پژوهشی مرتبط با علوم زراعی در کشور رشد چشمگیری داشته است. در کنار این تلاش های علمی، نگرانی‏هایی نیز در مورد بروز انواع تخلفات پژوهشی وجود دارد. بنابراین، به منظور ارزیابی کمّی میزان رعایت اخلاق پژوهشی در مقالات علوم زراعی که در طی سه دهه گذشته (83-1360) منتشر شده‏اند، تعداد 1269 مقاله که در مجلات مختلف علمی– پژوهشی کشور به چاپ رسیده است، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که انواع مختلف هم پوشانی در عنوان، گیاه هدف، تیمارهای آزمایشی و صفات مورد مطالعه با فراوانی حدود 26 درصد در مقالات تحت بررسی وجود داشت که براساس مرامنامه‏های اخلاقی، اقتباس ایده بدون ذکر نام محسوب می‏شود، هرچند در عرف رایج تخلف پژوهشی به شمار نمی‏رود. عددسازی یا گمراه سازی که تشخیص آن بر اساس ضریب تغییرات آزمایش، احتمال خطای نوع اول، عدم انطباق نتایج تجزیه واریانس و رگرسیون‏های ارائه شده در مقالات صورت گرفته است، از جمله انواع تخلفات پژوهشی بود که با فراوانی حدود چهار درصد در کل مقالات مشهود می-باشد. دستبرد علمی، تحریف و ذکر نادرست نتایج سایر محققین در بین 12 درصد از مقالات تحت بررسی ردیابی شد که به طور معنی‏داری بیشتر از سایر تخلفات بود. نتایج همچنین نشان داد که بروز تخلفات پژوهشی در مقالاتی که نویسنده اول یا مسئول آنها دانشجویان بوده‏اند به طور معنی‏داری بیشتر از مقالات اعضاء هیات علمی دانشگاه ها یا سایر مؤسسات پژوهشی است. به علاوه رشد انواع مختلف تخلفات پژوهشی در دهۀ 80 در مقایسه با دهه‏های 60 و 70 به طور معنی‏داری افزایش یافته است. به طورکلی، انواعی از تخلفات پژوهشی در 16درصد از مقالات منتشر شده در سه دهه گذشته قابل تشخیص بود. همچنین با بررسی علل مختلف بروز تخلفات نتیجه‏گیری شد که عدم آگاهی محققین از قوانین، عامل اصلی بداخلاقی‏های پژوهشی محسوب می‏شود. بر این اساس ضرورت تدوین راهنمای اخلاق پژوهشی در علوم زراعی و کشاورزی به صورت عام از اولویت‏های برنامه‏ریزی در ساختار پژوهشی کشور محسوب می‏شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

30 Years of agronomic research in Iran: II. Evaluation of research ethics

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Koocheki
  • Mehdi Nassiri Mahallati
  • Reza Ghorbani
  • Surur Khorramdel
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

During the last three decades publication of papers in different fields of agronomic sciences have been increased drastically in Iran. However, there is growing warnings about research misconducts. To get a quantitative insight into the commitment to the research ethics, 1269 papers published during the last 3 decades in the refereed domestic journals were surveyed using human tools. The frequency of different type of misconducts were calculated and compared statistically. The results indicated that overlap in title, the target crop, experimental factors (treatments) and the measured traits was occurred with frequency of 26% among the surveyed papers which was categorized as unauthorized adoption of ideas. Falsification and fabrication was distinguished based on the coefficient of variation (CV), probability of type I error and discrepancy between the results of ANOVA and regression analysis. This type of misconducts had frequency of 6%. However, plagiarism had a significantly higher frequency and was detected in up to 12% of the papers. The frequency of all type of misconducts was significantly higher in the papers where the corresponding authors were students compared to the papers published by scientific staffs of universities/research institutes. Overall research misconducts were distinguished in 16% of papers and were most frequent in the 1380 decade compared to 60’s and 70’s. It seems that lack of awareness about the principles of research ethics is the main cause of the prevalence of the observed misconducts. Therefore, development of a national code of ethics is of high priority for the national agricultural research system in the country.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Agronomic sciences
  • Plagiarism
  • Professional ethics
  • Research ethics
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