بررسی عملکرد گل و بنه زعفران (Crocus sativus L.) در سال اول پس از کشت در واکنش به تراکم کاشت و میزان کود دامی

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• علیرضا کوچکی ¹
• پرویز رضوانی مقدم ¹
• عبداله ملافیلابی ²
• سید محمد سیدی ¹

¹ گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

² گروه زیست فناوری مواد غذایی، مؤسسه پژوهشی علوم و صنایع غذایی، مشهد، ایران

10.22067/jag.v6i4.45981

چکیده

به منظور بررسی عملکرد گل و بنه زعفران (Crocus sativus L.) در واکنش به کشت پرتراکم و کاربرد کود دامی، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با 20 تیمار و سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال زراعی 90-1389 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش بر اساس ترکیبی از چهار سطح تراکم کاشت (100، 200، 300 و400 بنه در متر مربع) و پنج کاربرد سطح کود دامی (صفر (عدم کاربرد کود دامی)، 40، 60، 80 و 100 تن در هکتار) تعیین شدند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس حاکی از اثرات معنی دار تراکم کاشت بنه و کاربرد کود دامی بر تعداد گل، عملکرد گل خشک و نیز عملکرد کلاله + خامه زعفران بود. همچنین اثرات متقابل تراکم کاشت بنه × کاربرد کود دامی نیز تأثیر معنی داری بر شاخص های ذکر شده داشت. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش تراکم کاشت تا سطح 400 بنه در متر مربع، عملکرد گل تر و گل خشک زعفران به طور معنی داری افزایش یافت. همچنین در تراکم کاشت 400 بنه در متر مربع نیز کاربرد کود دامی تا سطح 80 تن در هکتار، تأثیر معنی-داری در افزایش عملکرد گل تر و خشک زعفران داشت. با این وجود نتایج نشان داد که در سطوح بالای تراکم کاشت بنه، واکنش پذیری زعفران به کاربرد کود دامی بیش از سطوح پایین تراکم کاشت بود. از این رو، به نظر می رسد که برنامه ریزی و مدیریت صحیح کوددهی زعفران می بایست با در نظر گرفتن سطح مورد نظر تراکم کاشت صورت گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• عملکرد کلاله
• عملکرد گل خشک
• کود آلی

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عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of corm planting density and manure rates on flower and corm yields of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in the first year after planting

نویسندگان [English]

• Alireza Koocheki ¹
• Parviz Rezvani Moghaddam ¹
• Abdollah Mollafilabi ²
• Seyed Mohammad Seyyedi ¹

¹ Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

² Department of Food Biotechnology, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology, Mashhad, Iran

چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effects of high corm planting density and applying manure on flower and corm yields of saffron (Crocus sativus L.), a field experiment was conducted at Research Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, during growing season of 2010-2011. A completely randomized block design with three replications and 20 treatments was used. The experimental treatments were all combination of different planting densities of corm (100, 200, 300 and 400 corms.m-2) and different levels of manure application (0, 40, 60, 80 and 100 t.ha-1). Results of variance analysis showed that corm planting density and manure application rates had significant effects on flower number, fresh and dried flower and stigma+ style yields of saffron. In addition, mentioned characteristics of saffron significantly affected by interaction effects of corm planting density × manure rate. Based on the results, fresh and dried flower yields of saffron significantly increased by increasing planting density up to 400 corms.m-2. In addition, on planting density equal to 400 corms.m-2, increasing manure up to 80 t.ha-1 had significant effects on fresh and dried flower yields of saffron. However, the responding saffron to manure was decreased by reducing corm planting density. Therefore, it seems that appropriate manure application rate depends to corm planting density.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Dry flower yield
• Organic manure
• Stigma yield

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