تأثیر Azospirillum lipoferum و Azotobacter chrococoum بر آزادسازی پتاسیم خاک در کشت گلدانی سویا (Glycine max var. Williams)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• اسماعیل دردی پور
• اکرم فرشادی راد
• محمد حسین ارزانش

استادیار پژوهشی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان

10.22067/jag.v2i4.8797

چکیده

پتاسیم یکی از عناصر ضروری و پر مصرف برای گیاهان است. میکرو ارگانیزم های مختلف شامل برخی باکتری ها، قارچ ها، مخمرها، جلبک ها و نیز گلسنگ ها قادرند کانی های سیلیکاتی موجود در خاک را تجزیه کرده و عناصری چون پتاسیم، فسفر، آهن، روی و سیلیسیم را آزاد کنند که در این میان باکتری ها از اهمیت بیشتری برخوردارند. تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر دو باکتری Azospirillum lipoferumوAzotobacter chrococoum بر قابلیت جذب پتاسیم به وسیله گیاه سویا (Glycine max var. Williams) انجام شد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی شامل سه فاکتور با سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتور اول شامل دو نوع خاک، فاکتور دوم شامل دو جنس باکتری و تیمار بدون باکتری و فاکتور سوم شامل دو سطح کود پتاسه (0 و 75 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم از منبع کلرید پتاسیم) بود. به این منظور تأثیر تیمارها بر وزن خشک و مقدار پتاسیم جذب شده توسط گیاه سویا در مدت چهار هفته مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که خاک سری های گرگان و قره سو همراه با ازتوباکتر بیشترین افزایش در وزن خشک گیاه را دارند. میزان جذب پتاسیم توسط گیاه در تیمار خاک سری قره سو همراه با ازتو باکتر بیشترین بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• باکتری
• تلقیح
• جذب
• وزن خشک

---

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Azotobacter chrococoum and Azospirillum lipoferum on the release of soil potassium in pot culture of soybean (Glycine max var. Williams)

نویسندگان [English]

• E. Dordipour
• A. Farshadirad
• Mohammad Hossein Arzanesh

چکیده [English]

Potassium is an essential plant macronutrient. Different microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae and mosses are able to decompose silicate minerals of soil and to dissolve nutrient such as K, Fe, Zn and Si, among them bacteria are more important. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of two bacteria (Azospirillum lipoferum and Azotobacter chrococoum) on soil available potassium for soybean (Glycine max var. Williams). The experiment was conducted as a factorial in completely randomized design including three factors with three replications. The first factor includes two different soils, the second factor contains two geniuses of bacteria and without bacterial treatments and the third factor includes two KCl levels (0 and 75 mg.kg-1). To do so, treatments effects on growth and dry weight of soybean were observed over four weeks. Result showed that Gorgan and Ghareso series with Azotobacter had the highest plant dry matter. The quantity of potassium uptake by plant was the highest in Ghareso series with Azotobacter.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Bacteria
• Dry weight
• Inoculation
• Uptake

مراجع

1- Ayers, A.S., Takashi, M., and Kanechiro, P. 1947. Conversion of nonexchangeable potassium to exchangeable forms in Hawaii. Soil Science Society of America Proceeding 11: 175-181.

2- Chapman, H. D. 1965. Cation Exchange Capacity. In: Method of Soil Analysis, Part 2, (ed). Black, C. A., 891-901. American Society of Agronomy: Madison, WI. USA.

3- Chen, H., and Chen, T. 1960. Characteristics of morphology and physiology and ability to wheather to wheather mineral baring phosphorus and potassium of silicate bacteria. Microorganism 3: 104-112.

4- Dordipour, E., and Farshadirad, A. 2009. Determination of Potassium critical level for wheat and investigation of its response to K2SO4 in some selected soils of Golestan province. 11th Iranian Soil Scince Congress. 227 p. (In Persian)

5- Egamberberdiyeva, D., Hoflich, G., 2003. Influence of growth- promoting bacteria on the growth of wheat in different soils and temperatures. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 35: 973-978.

6- Fallah, A. R., and Khavarzi, K. 2002. Biological potassium fertilizer and its effects on crop yields. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water, Special Issue: Soil Biology 12(7): 115-127. (In Persian eith English Summary)

7- Fang sheng, X., and Yan He, L. 2006. Solubilization of potassium-bearing minerals by wild-type strain of Bacillus edaphicus and its mutants and increased potassium uptake by wheat. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 52: 66-72.

8- Feigenbaum, S., and Shainberg, I. 1975. Dissolution of illite a possible mechanism os potassium rlease. Soil Science Society American Proceeding 39: 985- 990.

9- Glowa, K.R., Arocena, J.M., and Massicote, H.B. 2003. Extraction of potassium and/ or magnesium from selected soil minerals by Piloderma. Acta Biotechnolgica 7: 299- 306.

10- Haby, V.A., Russelle, M.D., and Skogley, E.O. 1990. Testing soils for potassium, calcium and magnesium. In: S. H. Mickelson (ed). Soil Testing and plant analysis. Madison. WI., USA. p. 181-227.

11- Knudsen, D., Peterson, G.A., and Pratt, P.F. 1982. Lithium, Sodium and potassium. Pages 225-246 in A. L. Page et al., eds. Methods of soil analysis, Part 2. American Society of Agronomy, Madison. WI.

12- Khormali, F., and Abtahi, A. 2003. Origin and distribution of clay minerals in calcareous arid and semiarid soils of fars province, southern Iran. Clay Minerals 38: 511-527.

13- Kukla, G., and An, Z.S. 1980. Loess stratigraphy in central china Palaeogeogr. Palaeclimatology Palaeocology 72: 203-225.

14- Lian, B. 1998. Astudy on how silicate bacteria GY92 dissolves potassium from illite. Acta Mineral Sin. 18:234-238.

15- Lian, B., Wang, B., Pan, M., Liu, C., and Teng, H. 2008. Microbial release of potassium from K-bearing minerals by thermophilic fungus Aspergillus fumigates. Geochimica e t Cosmochimica Acta 72:87-98.

16- Mc Clean, E.O., and Watson, M. E. 1985. Soil measorments of plant-available potassium. In: Manson (ed). Potassium in Agriculture. ASA-CSSA-SSSA. Madison, WI., USA.

17- Mishustin, E.N., Smirnova, G.A., and Lokhmachea, R.A. 1981. The decomposition of silicates by microorganisms and the use of silicate bacteria fertilizers. Biological Bulletin of Academic Science 8: 400-409.

18- Monib, M., Zahra, M. K., Abdel, E. A., and Heggo, A. 1984. Role of silicate bacteria in releasing K and Si from biolite and orthoclase. Soil Biology and Conservation of the Biosphere 2: 173-233.

19- Nelson, D.W., and Sommers, L.E. 1982. Total Carbon, Organic Carbon, and Organic Matter. In: "Methods of soil Analysis", Part 2, ed. Page, A.L., 539-579. American Society of Agronomy: Madison. WI.

20- Norozi, S. 2006. Release of Potassium from some mica minerals through some organic acid in rhizospher of barley. M. Sc. Thesis in Soil Science. Soil Science Department. Isfahan University of technology, Isfahan, Iran. 158 p. (In Persian eith English Summary)

21- Page, A.L. 1982. Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI., USA. Pp. 181–199.

22- Rongchang, L., and Feniting, L., 1995. International training course on biological fertilizer Bodenk, boading cgina. Pp. 11-68.

23- Saber, M.S.M., Zanaty, and M.R. 1981. Effectivness of inoculation whit silicate bacteria in relation to the potassium content of plants using the intensive cropping technique. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Science 59(4): 280-289.

24- Shady, M. A., Ibrahim. I., and Afify, A.H. 1984. Mobilization of elements and their effects on certain plant growth characteristics as influenced by some silicate bacteria. Egyptian Journal of Botany 27(1-7): 17-30.

25- Sheng, X.F. 2005. Growth promotion and increased potassium uptake of cotton and rape by a potassium releasing strain of Bacillus edaphicus. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 37: 1918-1922.

26- Sparks, D.L., and Huang, M. 1985. Physical Chemistry of Soil Potassium. In: R.D. Munson.(ed). P in Agriculture. ASA. CSSA. SSSA. Madison. WI., USA. Pp. 201-276.

27- Surapaneni, A., Palmer, A.S., Tillman, R.W., Kirkman, J.H., and Geregg, P.E.H. 2002. The mineralogy and potassium supplying power of some loessial and related soils of New Zealand. Geoderma 110: 191-204.

28- Yuan, L., Fang, D. H., Wnag, Z. H., Shun, H., and Huang, J.G. 2000. Bio-mobilization of potassium from clay minerals: I. By ectomycorhizas. Pedosphere 10: 339- 346.