بررسی خصوصیات زراعی، عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و پتانسیل کنترل علف ‏هرز دو گیاه لوبیا (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) و ریحان رویشی (Ocimum basilicum L.) در شرایط کشت مخلوط

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• یاسر علی زاده
• علیرضا کوچکی
• مهدی نصیری محلاتی

گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

10.22067/jag.v2i3.7652

چکیده

به منظور بررسی خصوصیات زراعی، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد در کشت مخلوط ریحان رویشی (Ocimum basilicum L.) و لوبیا (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) و ارزیابی تأثیر آن بر کنترل علف های‏هرز، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 87- 1386 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار و 10 تیمار به اجرا در آمد. تیمارهای آزمایش عبارت بودند از: (1- کشت خالص لوبیا، 2- کشت خالص ریحان، 3- کشت مخلوط نواری چهار ردیف ریحان دو ردیف لوبیا ، 4- کشت مخلوط نواری چهار ردیف لوبیا دو ردیف ریحان و 5 - کشت ردیفی) با کنترل علف‏های‏هرز و همین تیمارها بدون کنترل علف‏هرز. در گیاه ریحان وزن خشک و درصد ساقه در ماده خشک کشت خالص با کنترل علف‏هرز از تمامی تیمارها بیشتر بود. درصد برگ در ماده خشک کشت مخلوط نواری چهار لوبیا دو ریحان از سایر تیمارها بالاتر بود. اختلاف ارتفاع در چین اول تحت تأثیر تیمارها قرار نگرفته بود ولی در چین دوم کشت ردیفی با کنترل علف‏هرز بالاترین ارتفاع را داشت و بالاترین شاخص سطح برگ را کشت مخلوط چهار ریحان دو لوبیا به خود اختصاص داد. اختلاف معنی داری در درصد اسانس بین تیمارها مشاهده نشد، ولی به طور کلی تیمارهای بدون کنترل علف‏هرز دارای درصد اسانس بیشتری بودند. عملکرد اسانس نیز در کشت خالص و کشت مخلوط چهار ریحان دو لوبیا در شرایط کنترل علف‏هرز بیشتر از همه تیمارها بود. در گیاه لوبیا نیز تعداد دانه و غلاف در بوته، عملکرد اقتصادی، عملکرد بیولوژیک و ارتفاع بوته بین تیمارهای مختلف اختلاف معنی داری داشت ولی تعداد دانه در غلاف، شاخص برداشت، تعداد شاخه در بوته و وزن صد دانه تحت تأثیر تیمارها قرار نگرفت. بالاترین شاخص سطح برگ لوبیا را در بین تیمارها کشت مخلوط ردیفی (53/4) داشت. کمترین وزن خشک علف‏هرز در کشت مخلوط ردیفی و بیشترین وزن خشک علف‏هرز در کشت‏های خالص مشاهده شد. ارزیابی نسبت برابری زمین نشان داد که تقریباً تمامی تیمارهای کشت مخلوط ریحان و لوبیا بر کشت خالص آنها برتری دارد و کشت مخلوط ردیفی بیشترین نسبت برابری زمین (43/1) را به خود اختصاص داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• اسانس
• رقابت
• علف ‏هرز
• گیاه دارویی
• نسبت برابری زمین

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عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating of growth characteristics, yield, yield components and potential weed control in intercropping of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and vegetative sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

نویسندگان [English]

• Yaser Alizadeh
• Alireza Koocheki
• Mehdi Nassiri Mahallati

Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

چکیده [English]

In order to study yield and yield components in intercropping bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and evaluating effect of intercropping on weed control, a field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad during growing season of 2008. Treatments: included 1- sole crop of bean 2- sole crop of sweet basil 3- strip intercropping of bean and sweet basil (four rows of bean and two rows of sweet basil) 4- strip intercropping of bean and sweet basil (two rows of sweet basil and four rows of bean) 5- row intercropping of bean and sweet basil were with and without weed control. For this purpose a complete randomized block design with three replications was used. Results showed that dry weight of vegetative organs and stem percent of sweet basil, in sole crop with weed control treatment were significantly higher than in other treatments. And highest leaf percentage was in four rows bean and two rows sweet basil intercropping. There was no significant difference in plant height in the first harvest of sweet basil but in second harvest row intercropping had highest height. Maximum leaf area index (LAI) was absorbed in four rows of sweet basil two rows of bean. Effect of different treatments on essential oil percentage was not significant. Highest essential oil yield was in sole crop sweet basil and four rows of sweet basil two rows of bean intercropping. For bean economic and biological yield, number of pods, number of seeds per plant and height were affected by different treatments and but there was no significant difference in number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight and harvest index in bean. The highest leaf area index in bean was in row intercropping. Lowest dry mater of weed was in row intercropping and the highest in sole crop. The highest land equivalent ratio (LER) was obtained in row intercropping with weed control.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Competition
• Essential oil
• Land equivalent ratio
• Medicinal plant
• Weed

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