پتانسیل آللوپاتیک عصاره آبی اندام های مختلف تاج خروس (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) بر جوانه زنی بذر و رشد گیاهچه کلزا (Brassica napus L.)

حمیدی, طاهره; حمیدی, رضا

doi:10.22067/jag.v3i1.9972

پتانسیل آللوپاتیک عصاره آبی اندام های مختلف تاج خروس (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) بر جوانه زنی بذر و رشد گیاهچه کلزا (Brassica napus L.)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

10.22067/jag.v3i1.9972

چکیده

به منظور بررسی پتانسیل دگرآسیبی عصاره های آبی برگ، ساقه، ریشه و گل علف هرز تاج خروس (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) در مراحل مختلف رشد بر جوانه زنی بذر و رشد گیاهچه کلزا (Brassica napus L.) آزمایشی به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل و در قالب یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار در شرایط آزمایشگاه و گلخانه انجام گردید. در این پژوهش اثر عصاره آبی برگ، ساقه، ریشه و گل در غلظت های صفر، 50 و 100 درصد، به صورت یک گانه، دوگانه، سه گانه و چهارگانه بر درصد جوانه زنی، بلندی هیپوکوتیل و بلندی ریشه اولیه و وزن خشک هیپوکوتیل و ریشه اولیه کلزا مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که در مرحله رسیدگی کامل، غلظت 100% مخلوط چهارگانه عصاره ها (برگ+ساقه+ریشه+گل) بیشترین اثر بازدارندگی را بر جوانه زنی کلزا و وزن خشک هیپوکوتیل دانه رست کلزا اعمال نمود. در مرحله20 برگی بیشترین اثر بازدارندگی بر طول هیپوکوتیل کلزا در غلظت 100% مخلوط سه گانه عصاره ها (برگ+ ساقه+ریشه) مشاهده شد. در مرحله رسیدگی کامل، غلظت 50% مخلوط چهارگانه عصاره ها بیشترین اثر بازدارندگی را بر بلندی ریشه اولیه کلزا نشان داد. در مرحله 4-2 برگی غلظت 100% مخلوط سه گانه عصاره ها (برگ+ ساقه+ ریشه) بیشترین اثر بازدارندگی را بر وزن خشک ریشه چه نشان داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Allelopathic effects of pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) organs on seed germination and seedling growth of canola (Brassica napus L.)

نویسندگان [English]

T Hamidi
R Hamidi

چکیده [English]

Greenhouse and laboratory studies were conducted to examine the allelopathic effects of water extracts of pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexu L.) leaf, stem, root and flower at different growth stages on canola seed germination and seedling growth. Water extracts of leaf, stem, root and flower as individually, binary, ternary and quadri mixtures at 0, 50 and 100% concentrations were made and their effects on the germination, shoot and root length, shoot and root dry matter of canola were investigated. Experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in factorial arrangement with three replications. The results showed that quadric mixture of leaf, stem, root and flower exerted the most inhibitory effects on canola germination at 100% concentration in maturity stage. The most inhibitory effects on canola shoot length at 100% concentration in 2-4 leaf stage were observed in ternary mixture of leaf, stem and root extract. Quadric mixture of leaf, stem, root and flower extracts had the most inhibitory effects on canola root length at 100% concentration in maturity stage. The most inhibitory effects were observed in quadric mixture extract on canola shoot dry matter at 100% concentration in maturity stage. Ternary extract of leaf, stem and root extracts showed the most inhibitory effects on canola root dry matter at 100% concentration at 2-4 leaf stage.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Joint effects of allelochemicals
Vegetation stage and flowering stage
Weed

مراجع

1- Alam, S.M., Ala, S.A., Azmi, A.R., Khan, M.A., and Ansari, R. 2001. Allelopathy and its role in agriculture. Online Journal of Biological Science 5: 308-315.

2- An, M., Liu, D.L., Johnson, I.R., and Lovett, J.V. 2003. Mathematical modeling of allelopathy. The dynamics of allelochemicals from living plants in the environment. Ecological Modelling 161: 53-66.

3- Anderson, R.C., and Loucks, O.L. 1966. Osmotic pressure influence in germination tests for antibiosis. Science 152: 771-773.

4- Ashrafi, Z.Y., Rahnavard, A., and Sadeghi, S. 2008. Study of allelopathic potential of extracts of Azadirachtu incica (neem). Journal of Biological Sciences 8: 57-61.

5- Bogatek, B., Gniazdowska, A., Zakrzewska, W., Oracz, K., and Gawronski S.W. 2006. Allelopathic effects of sunflower extracts on mustard seed germination and seedling growth. Biologia Plantarum 50: 156-158.

6- Bokhari, U.G. 1978. Allelopathy among prairie grasses and its possible ecological significance. Annals of Botany 42: 127-136.

7- Bonanomi, G., Sicurezza, M.G., Caporaso, S., Espoite, A., and Mazzoleni, S. 2006. Phytotoxicity dynamics of decaying plant materials. New Phytologist 169: 571-579.

8- Chung, I.M., Kim, K.H., Ahn, J.K., Lee, S.B., Kim, S.H., and Hahn, S.J. 2003. Comparison of allelopathic potential of rice leaves, straw and hull extracts on barnyardgrass. Agronomy Journal 95: 1063-1070.

9- Costea, M., Weaver, S.E., and Tardif, F.J. 2003. The biology of Canadian weeds. 130. Amaranthus retroflexus L., A. Powellii S. Watson and A. hybridus L. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 84: 631-668.

10- Hao, Z.P., Wang, Q., Christie, P., and Li, X.L. 2007. Allelopathic potential of water melon tissues and root exudates. Scientia Horticulturae 112(3): 315-32

11- Inderjit, S., and Dakshini, K.M.M. 1995. On laboratory bioassays in allelopathy. The Botanical Review 61: 29-43.

12- Jabran, K., Cheema, Z.A., Farooq, M., Basra, S.M.A., Hussain, M., and Rehman, H. 2007. Tank mixing of allelopathic crop water eextracts with pendimethalin helps in the management of weeds in canola (Brassica napus) field. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 10: 293-296

13- Jha, S., Jha, P.K., Gewali, and M.B. 2006. Allelopathic potential of some herbaceous forage species at Biratngar, Nepal. Pakistan Journal of Plant Science 12: 103-113.

14- Kayode, J., and Ayeni, J.M. 2009. Allelopathic effects of some crop residues on the germination and growth of maize (Zea mays L.). The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology 10: 345-348.

15- Khajepur, M.R. 2007. Industrial Crops. Jihad Daneshgahi of Isfehan Publication, pp. 564.

16- Kil, B.S., Han, D.M., Lee, C.H., Kim, Y.S., Yun, K.Y., and Yoo, H.G., 2000. Allelopathic effects of Artemisia lavandulaefolia. Korean Journal of Ecology 23: 149-155.

17- Moyer, J.R., and Huang, H.C. 1997. Effect of aqueous extracts of crop residues on germination and seedling growth of ten weed species. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica 38: 131-139.

18- Nasr Isfahan, M., and Shariati, M. 2007. The effect of some allelochemicals on seed germination of Coronilla varia L. seeds. American-Eurasia Journal Agricultural and Environmental Science 2: 534-538.

19- Qasem, J.R. 2006. The allelopathic effect of three Amaranthus spp. (Pig weeds) on wheat (Triticum aestivum) growth. Journal of Chemical Ecology 9: 1235-1245.

20- Shariati, S., and Ghazizadeh, P. 1999. Canola. Agricultural Teaching Publication, 81 pp. (In Persian)

21- Tejeda-Sartorius, O., and Rodriguez-Gonzalez, Y.M.T. 2008. Weed and vegetable germination and growth inhibitors in amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) residues. Agrociencia 42: 415-423.

22- Turk, M.A., Lee, K.D., and Tawaha, A.M. 2005. Inhibitory effects of aqueous extracts of black mustard on germination and growth of radish. Research Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science 1: 227-231.

23- Turk, M.A., and Tawaha, A.M. 2003. Allelopathic effects of black mustard (Brassica nigra L.) on germination and growth of wild oat (Avena fatua L.). Crop Protection 22: 673-677.

24- Wardle, D.A., Nicholson, K.S., and Ahmed, M. 1992. Comparison of osmotic and allelopathic effects of grass leaf extracts on grass seed germination and radicle elongation. Plant and Soil 140: 315-319.